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Identification of salsolinol as an RNA m6A methylation inducer that mediates dopaminergic neuronal death by regulating YAP1 and autophagy

ABSTRACT: Salsolinol (1-methyl-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, Sal) is a catechol isoquinoline that can cause neurotoxicity because of its structural similarity with MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), an environmental toxin that causes Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the mechanism by which Sal mediates dopaminergic neuronal death remains unclear. In this study, we found that Sal can significantly enhance the global level of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA methylation in PC12 cells, mainly by inducing the downregulation of the expression of m6A demethylase FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein) and ALKBH5 (alkB homolog 5). The results of the RNA-Seq analysis showed that Sal can exert a neurotoxic effect by regulating the Hippo signaling pathway through RNA methylation. We found that m6A reader YTHDF2 (YTH domain-containing family protein 2) promoted the degradation of m6A-containing YAP1 (Yes-associated protein 1) mRNA, which is a downstream key effector in the Hippo pathway. Additionally, the downregulation of YAP1 can also promote autophagy, indicating that the inter-regulation of YAP1 and autophagy can lead to neurotoxicity. Our findings showed the effect of Sal on m6A RNA methylation and revealed that Sal can act as an RNA modification inducer mediating dopaminergic neuronal death through YAP1 and autophagy. Our results provided greater insights into the neurotoxic effects of catechol isoquinolines and might be used as a reference for further assessing the involvement of RNA methylation in the pathogenesis of PD.

ORGANISM(S): Rattus norvegicus

PROVIDER: GSE249025 | GEO | 2023/12/04

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Acrylamide is a type-2 alkene monomer with established human neurotoxic effects. While the primary source of human exposure to acrylamide is occupational, other exposure sources include food, drinking water, and smoking. In this study, neurobehavioral assays coupled with transcriptional profiling analysis were conducted to assess both behavioral and gene expression effects induced by acrylamide neurotoxicity in rats when administered during early postnatal life. Acrylamide administration in rat pups induced significant characteristic neurotoxic symptoms including increased heel splay, decrease in grip strength, and decrease in locomotor activity. Transcriptome analysis with the Affymetrix Rat Genome 230 2.0 array indicated that acrylamide treatment caused a significant alteration in the expression of genes involved in muscle contraction, pain regulation, and dopaminergic neuronal pathways. First, in agreement with the observed behavioral effects, expression of the Mylpf gene involved in muscle contraction was downregulated in the spinal cord in response to acrylamide. Second, in sciatic nerves, acrylamide repressed the expression of the opioid receptor gene Oprk1 that is known to play a role in neuropathic pain regulation. Finally, in the cerebellum, acrylamide treatment caused a decrease in the expression of the nuclear receptor gene Nr4a2 that is required for development of dopaminergic neurons. Thus, our work examining the effect of acrylamide at the whole-genome level on a developmental mammalian model has identified novel genes previously not implicated in acrylamide neurotoxicity that can be further developed into biomarkers for assessing the risk of acrylamide exposure. Three-week-old male Wistar rat pups were treated with either acrylamide or saline daily (30 mg/kg) for 21 days, then tissues (cerebellum, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve) were harvested and frozen. Two biological replicate samples, each sample consisting of pooled tissue from 2 rats, were analyzed for each treatment.

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Identification of salsolinol as an RNA m6A methylation inducer that mediates dopaminergic neuronal death by regulating YAP1 and autophagy

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