Cancer-stromal cell interactions in breast cancer brain metastases induce glycocalyx-mediated resistance to HER2-targeting therapies
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE249574 | GEO | 2024/04/24
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:In a 3D coculture with stroma cells derived from breast cancer patients’ brain metastasis, HER2+ breast cancer cells were protected from HER2-targeted therapies, particularly the EGFR/HER2 small molecule inhibitor neratinib. To get insight into how this protection arises, a Synthetic Notch (SynNotch) reporter model allowed to study the effect of direct contact between stroma and cancer cells.
2024-04-24 | GSE249573 | GEO
Project description:In a 3D coculture with stroma cells derived from breast cancer patients’ brain metastasis, HER2+ breast cancer cells were protected from HER2-targeted therapies, particularly the EGFR/HER2 small molecule inhibitor neratinib. To get insight into how this protection arises, ATAC-seq on coculture cells with or without neratinib as performed.
2024-04-24 | GSE249459 | GEO
Project description:Despite impressive clinical benefit obtained with anti-HER2 targeted therapies, in advances stages, especially in the metastatic setting, HER2 positive tumors remain incurable. Therefore, it is important to develop novel strategies to fight these tumors, especially when they become resistant to available therapies. We show here that the anti-HER3 antibody drug conjugate EV20/MMAF exerted potent antitumoral properties against several models of primary and secondary resistance to common anti-HER2 available therapies, including trastuzumab, lapatinib, neratinib and trastuzumab-emtansine. HER3 was expressed in these HER2+ breast cancer cells and knock down experiments demonstrated that HER3 expression was required for the action of EV20/MMAF. In mice injected with trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ cells, a single dose of EV20/MMAF caused complete and long-lasting tumor regression. Mechanistically, EV20/MMAF bound to cell surface HER3 and became internalized to the lysosomes. Treatment with EV20/MMAF caused cell cycle arrest in mitosis and promoted cell death through mitotic catastrophe. These findings encourage the clinical testing of EV20/MMAF for several indications in the HER2+ cancer clinic, including situations in which HER2+ tumors become refractory to approved anti-HER2 therapies.
| S-SCDT-EMM-2019-11498 | biostudies-other
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2021-04-21 | GSE161423 | GEO
Project description:Despite impressive clinical benefit obtained with anti-HER2-targeted therapies, in advances stages, especially in the metastatic setting, HER2-positive tumors remain incurable. Therefore, it is important to develop novel strategies to fight these tumors, especially when they become resistant to available therapies. We show here that the anti-HER3 antibody-drug conjugate EV20/MMAF exerted potent anti-tumoral properties against several models of primary resistance and secondary resistance to common anti-HER2 available therapies, including trastuzumab, lapatinib, neratinib, and trastuzumab-emtansine. HER3 was expressed in these HER2+ breast cancer cells and knockdown experiments demonstrated that HER3 expression was required for the action of EV20/MMAF. In mice injected with trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ cells, a single dose of EV20/MMAF caused complete and long-lasting tumor regression. Mechanistically, EV20/MMAF bound to cell surface HER3 and became internalized to the lysosomes. Treatment with EV20/MMAF caused cell cycle arrest in mitosis and promoted cell death through mitotic catastrophe. These findings encourage the clinical testing of EV20/MMAF for several indications in the HER2+ cancer clinic, including situations in which HER2+ tumors become refractory to approved anti-HER2 therapies.
| S-EPMC7207167 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Brain metastases are a serious obstacle in the treatment of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-amplified breast cancer. Although extracranial disease is controlled with HER2 inhibitors in the majority of patients, brain metastases often develop. Because these brain metastases do not respond to therapy, they are frequently the reason for treatment failure. We developed a mouse model of HER2-amplified breast cancer brain metastasis using an orthotopic xenograft of BT474 cells. As seen in patients, the HER2 inhibitors trastuzumab and lapatinib controlled tumor progression in the breast but failed to contain tumor growth in the brain. We observed that the combination of a HER2 inhibitor with an anti-VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) antibody significantly slows tumor growth in the brain, resulting in a striking survival benefit. This benefit appears largely due to an enhanced antiangiogenic effect: Combination therapy reduced both the total and functional microvascular density in the brain xenografts. In addition, the combination therapy led to a marked increase in necrosis of the brain lesions. Moreover, we observed even better antitumor activity after combining both trastuzumab and lapatinib with the anti-VEGFR2 antibody. This triple-drug combination prolonged the median overall survival fivefold compared with the control-treated group and twofold compared with either two-drug regimen. These findings support the clinical development of this three-drug regimen for the treatment of HER2-amplified breast cancer brain metastases.
| S-EPMC3494882 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Macropinocytic cancer cells scavenge amino acids from extracellular proteins. Here, we show that consuming necrotic cell debris via macropinocytosis (necrocytosis) offers additional anabolic benefits. A click chemistry-based flux assay reveals that necrocytosis provides not only amino acids, but sugars, fatty acids and nucleotides for biosynthesis, conferring resistance to therapies targeting anabolic pathways. Indeed, necrotic cell debris allow macropinocytic breast and prostate cancer cells to proliferate, despite fatty acid synthase inhibition. Standard therapies such as gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), doxorubicin and gamma-irradiation directly or indirectly target nucleotide biosynthesis, creating stress that is relieved by scavenged nucleotides. Strikingly, necrotic debris also render macropinocytic, but not non-macropinocytic, pancreas and breast cancer cells resistant to these treatments. Selective, genetic inhibition of macropinocytosis confirms that necrocytosis both supports tumor growth and limits the effectiveness of 5-FU in vivo. Therefore, this study establishes necrocytosis as a mechanism for drug resistance.
| S-EPMC7048872 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Divergent resistance mechanisms to HER2-targeted therapies in breast cancer
2021-04-21 | GSE161422 | GEO
Project description:BACKGROUND:Approximately 15%-23% of breast cancers overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which leads to the activation of signaling pathways that stimulate cell proliferation and survival. HER2-targeted therapy has substantially improved outcomes in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. However, both de novo and acquired resistance are observed. DESIGN:A literature search was performed to identify proposed mechanisms of resistance to HER2-targeted therapy and identified novel targets in clinical development for treating HER2-resistant disease. RESULTS:Proposed HER2-resistance mechanisms include impediments to HER2-inhibitor binding, signaling through alternative pathways, upregulation of signaling pathways downstream of HER2, and failure to elicit an appropriate immune response. Although continuing HER2 inhibition beyond progression may provide an additional clinical benefit, the availability of novel therapies targeting different mechanisms of action could improve outcomes. The developmental strategy with the most available data is targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. The oral mTOR inhibitor everolimus has shown promising activity in combination with chemotherapy and trastuzumab in trastuzumab-refractory, advanced breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS:Non-HER2-targeted therapy is a promising means of overcoming resistance to HER2-targeted treatment. Ongoing clinical studies will provide additional information on the efficacy and safety of novel targeted therapies in HER2-resistant advanced breast cancer.
| S-EPMC3501233 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Amplification of the HER2 gene and/or overexpression of its protein product have been found in up to 25% to 30% of human breast cancers and have been shown to be associated with poorer outcomes compared to 'HER2 normal' breast cancer. Research has focused on developing therapies directed to the HER2 receptor and its pathway. These include the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, which has improved outcomes when used in patients with both advanced and early breast cancer. Lapatinib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor which has demonstrated activity in advanced breast cancer and is currently being evaluated in early stage disease. We discuss the therapeutic rationale and clinical trial experience with these agents. Other novel and emerging strategies targeting the HER2 receptor and its pathway are also discussed. These strategies include novel HER2 antibodies and small-molecule inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, agents targeting downstream components of the HER2 signaling pathway, and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors.
| S-EPMC2726059 | biostudies-other