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Maternal dietary antioxidants enrichment regulates weaned piglets’ adipose tissue functionality

ABSTRACT: Homeostasis during the perinatal period is critical for the correct development of mammals and unbalances in the redox potential are common in this stage. Thus, enrichment of maternal diets with antioxidants may be useful to improve piglet early development. We have tested the effects of sows’ diet enrichment with different antioxidants on the piglets’ adipose tissue functioning, in comparison to a control diet with a basal antioxidant level, by studying gene expression and cellularity. The maternal diet strongly influenced adipose tissue transcriptome of the offspring post-weaning. Piglets born to sows supplemented with either vitamin E or hydroxytyrosol show improved metabolic and antioxidant status of adipose tissue, while animals from control group show impaired homeostasis and activation of oxidative stress, immune signalling, and inflammation pathways. Moreover, vitamin E, when supplemented alone at a high dose, activated lipid metabolism and increased adipocyte size. When both vitamin E and hydroxytyrosol were combined, the gene expression profile was scarcely affected in comparison to the control, showing a prooxidant/proinflamatory adipose tissue, which is an unexpected result with different potential explanations. Findings deepen in the processes taking place in adipose tissue of genetically fat individuals and highlight the crucial role of antioxidants in fat cells metabolism

ORGANISM(S): Sus scrofa

PROVIDER: GSE249774 | GEO | 2024/09/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The molecular mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protection are poorly understood. There is growing evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary for some of these adaptations and antioxidants may be used to investigate this effect. This study aimed to determine the effects of exercise and/or antioxidant supplementation on myocardial and vascular endothelium gene expression. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: i) endurance exercise (90min of treadmill running 4d/week, 14 weeks); ii) antioxidant-treated; iii) antioxidant and endurance exercise and iv) control. The supplemented animals received Vitamin E (1000 IU/kg diet) and ï¡-lipoic acid (1.6 g/kg diet) mixed with rat chow. cDNA microarray analysis was performed using purified endothelial RNA from myocardial and coronary artery endothelial cells and showed that the expression levels of 35, 40 and 40 genes were altered for groups i, ii, and iii respectively compared to control. Differentially expressed genes were analysed using the KEGG pathway database, hierarchical cluster and DAVID analysis. These analyses revealed that a gene involved in cardiovascular disease progression, Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA) was down-regulated by exercise, upregulated by antioxidant supplementation and the combination of exercise and antioxidant blunted both effects. These findings were confirmed by real-time PCR. In summary, exercise and antioxidant supplementation affect endothelial cell gene expression and ROS appear necessary for some of these adaptations. 48 Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: i) endurance exercise (90min of treadmill running 4d/week, 14 weeks); ii) antioxidant-treated; iii) antioxidant and endurance exercise and iv) control. The supplemented animals received Vitamin E (1000 IU/kg diet) and ï¡-lipoic acid (1.6 g/kg diet) mixed with rat chow. cDNA microarray analysis was performed using purified endothelial RNA from myocardial and coronary artery endothelial cells. Based on the limited material available, it was necessary to combine the RNA into three pools per treatment group for CAEC (approx 400 ng of total RNA), and four pools for LVEC (approx 1 Î¼g of total RNA) with an additional reference pool from each control group.

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Maternal dietary antioxidants enrichment regulates weaned piglets’ adipose tissue functionality

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