Single-cell multi-omics decodes regulatory programs during development of mouse secondary palate II
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE250247 | GEO | 2023/12/19
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Perturbations in gene regulation during palatogenesis can lead to cleft palate, which is among the most common congenital birth defects. However, currently there is no comprehensive multiomics map of the developing secondary palate. Here, we perform single-cell multiome sequencing and profile chromatin accessibility and gene expression simultaneously within the same cells (n = 36,154) isolated from mouse secondary palate across embryonic days (E) 12.5, E13.5, E14.0, and E14.5. We construct five trajectories representing continuous differentiation of cranial neural crest-derived multipotent cells into distinct lineages. By linking open chromatin signals to gene expression changes, we characterize the underlying lineage-determining transcription factors. In silico perturbation analysis identifies transcription factors SHOX2 and MEOX2 as important regulators of the development of the anterior and posterior palate, respectively. In conclusion, our study chart epigenetic and transcriptional dynamics in palatogenesis, serving as a valuable resource for further cleft palate research.
2024-01-09 | GSE252592 | GEO
Project description:The abnormal perturbation in gene regulation during palatogenesis may lead to cleft palate. Here, we performed single-cell multiome sequencing (snRNA-seq and snATAC-seq simuteneously from same cells) from mouse secondary palate across 4 developmental stages.
2023-12-19 | GSE218576 | GEO
Project description:ChIP-Sequencing on Meis2-HA in E12.5 palate, to identify Meis2 binding chromatin regions and target genes. Haploinsufficiency of MEIS2 is associated with cleft palate in humans and Meis2 inactivation leads to abnormal palate development in mice, implicating an essential role for Meis2 in palate development. However, its functional mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found widespread Meis2 expression in the developing palate in mice. Meis2 inactivation by Wnt1Cre in cranial neural crest cells led to the cleft of the secondary palate. Importantly, about half of Wnt1Cre;Meis2f/f mice exhibited submucous cleft, providing an excellent model for studying palatal bone formation and patterning. Consistent with a complete absence of the palatal bones, integrative analyses of Meis2 ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and ATAC-seq results identified key osteogenic genes that are regulated directly by Meis2, indicating the fundamental role of Meis2 in palatal osteogenesis. De novo motif analysis discovered that the Meis2-bound regions possess highly enriched binding motifs of several key osteogenic transcription factors particularly Shox2. Comparison of Meis2 and Shox2 ChIP-seq analyses further revealed a genome-wide co-occupancy, in addition to their co-localization in the developing palate and physical interaction, suggesting that Shox2 and Meis2 act as partners. However, while Shox2 is required for proper palatal bone formation and is a direct downstream target of Meis2, Shox2 overexpression failed to rescue the palatal bone defects in Meis2 mutant background. These results, together with the facts that Meis2 expression is associated with high osteogenic potential and is required for the chromatin accessibility of osteogenic genes, support a vital function of Meis2 in setting up the ground state for palatal osteogenesis.
2020-03-23 | GSE143911 | GEO
Project description:We use ATAC-seq to identify chromatin accessibility in the palatal mesenchyme of wildtype and Wnt1Cre;Meis2f/f mice at E12.5. Haploinsufficiency of MEIS2 is associated with cleft palate in humans and Meis2 inactivation leads to abnormal palate development in mice, implicating an essential role for Meis2 in palate development. However, its functional mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found widespread Meis2 expression in the developing palate in mice. Meis2 inactivation by Wnt1Cre in cranial neural crest cells led to the cleft of the secondary palate. Importantly, about half of Wnt1Cre;Meis2f/f mice exhibited submucous cleft, providing an excellent model for studying palatal bone formation and patterning. Consistent with a complete absence of the palatal bones, integrative analyses of Meis2 ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and ATAC-seq results identified key osteogenic genes that are regulated directly by Meis2, indicating the fundamental role of Meis2 in palatal osteogenesis. De novo motif analysis discovered that the Meis2-bound regions possess highly enriched binding motifs of several key osteogenic transcription factors particularly Shox2. Comparison of Meis2 and Shox2 ChIP-seq analyses further revealed a genome-wide co-occupancy, in addition to their co-localization in the developing palate and physical interaction, suggesting that Shox2 and Meis2 act as partners. However, while Shox2 is required for proper palatal bone formation and is a direct downstream target of Meis2, Shox2 overexpression failed to rescue the palatal bone defects in Meis2 mutant background. These results, together with the facts that Meis2 expression is associated with high osteogenic potential and is required for the chromatin accessibility of osteogenic genes, support a vital function of Meis2 in setting up the ground state for palatal osteogenesis.
2020-03-23 | GSE143910 | GEO
Project description:We use RNA-sequencing to profile the different expression genes in the palatal mesenchyme of wildtype and Wnt1Cre;Meis2f/f mice at E12.5. Haploinsufficiency of MEIS2 is associated with cleft palate in humans and Meis2 inactivation leads to abnormal palate development in mice, implicating an essential role for Meis2 in palate development. However, its functional mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we found widespread Meis2 expression in the developing palate in mice. Meis2 inactivation by Wnt1Cre in cranial neural crest cells led to the cleft of the secondary palate. Importantly, about half of Wnt1Cre;Meis2f/f mice exhibited submucous cleft, providing an excellent model for studying palatal bone formation and patterning. Consistent with a complete absence of the palatal bones, integrative analyses of Meis2 ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and ATAC-seq results identified key osteogenic genes that are regulated directly by Meis2, indicating the fundamental role of Meis2 in palatal osteogenesis. De novo motif analysis discovered that the Meis2-bound regions possess highly enriched binding motifs of several key osteogenic transcription factors particularly Shox2. Comparison of Meis2 and Shox2 ChIP-seq analyses further revealed a genome-wide co-occupancy, in addition to their co-localization in the developing palate and physical interaction, suggesting that Shox2 and Meis2 act as partners. However, while Shox2 is required for proper palatal bone formation and is a direct downstream target of Meis2, Shox2 overexpression failed to rescue the palatal bone defects in Meis2 mutant background. These results, together with the facts that Meis2 expression is associated with high osteogenic potential and is required for the chromatin accessibility of osteogenic genes, support a vital function of Meis2 in setting up the ground state for palatal osteogenesis.
2020-03-23 | GSE143912 | GEO
Project description:The involvement of skeletal muscle in the process of palatal development in mammals is an example of Waddingtonian epigenetics. Our earlier study showed that the cleft palate develops in the complete absence of skeletal musculature during embryonic development in mice. This contrasts with previous beliefs that tongue obstruction prevents the elevation and fusion of the palatal shelves. We argue that the complete absence of mechanical stimuli from the adjacent muscle, i.e., the lack of both static and dynamic loading, results in disordered palatogenesis. We further suggest that proper fusion of the palatal shelves depends not only on mechanical but also on paracrine contributions from the muscle. The muscle's paracrine role in the process of palatal fusion is achieved through its being a source of certain secreted and/or circulatory proteins. A cDNA microarray analysis revealed differentially expressed genes in the cleft palate of amyogenic mouse fetuses and suggested candidate molecules with a novel function in palatogenesis (e.g., Tgfbr2, Bmp7, Trim71, E2f5, Ddx5, Gfap, Sema3f). In particular, we report on Gdf11 mutant mouse that has cleft palate, and on several genes whose distribution is normally restricted to the muscle (completely absent in our amyogenic mouse model), but which are found down-regulated in amyogenic mouse cleft palate. These molecules probably present a subset of paracrine cues that influence palatogenesis from the adjacent muscle. Future studies will elucidate the role of these genes in muscle-palate crosstalk, connecting the cues produced by the muscle with the cartilage and bone tissue's responses to these cues, through various degrees of cell proliferation, death, differentiation and tissue fusion.
2018-01-30 | GSE109780 | GEO
Project description:Nonsyndromic cleft palate is a common birth defect (1:700) with a complex etiology involving both genetic and environmental risk factors. Nicotine, a major teratogen present in tobacco products, was shown to cause alterations and delays in the developing fetus. To demonstrate the effect of nicotine on craniofacial development, particularly palatogenesis, we delivered three different doses of nicotine (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 mg/kg/day) into pregnant BALB/c mice throughout their entire pregnancy using subcutaneous osmotic mini-pump. We assessed the pups for morphological anomalies, as well as genome-wide mRNA (transcriptome) microarray analysis. Consistent administration of nicotine caused developmental retardation, still birth, low birth weight, and significant palatal size and shape abnormality in the pups. However, it did not cause obvious cleft palate. The microarray data analysis using IPA identified differential expression of genes involved in various biological pathways, particularly cancer, genetic diseases, and tissue development in response to consistent nicotine exposure. 6232 up-regulated and 6310 down-regulated genes were detected in nicotine-treated groups compared to the control. Moreover, 45% of the genes associated with cleft palate were found to be affected by nicotine. Alterations of a subset of differentially expressed genes were illustrated with hierarchal clustering and RT-PCR. We concluded that consistent nicotine exposure during pregnancy interferes with normal growth and development of the fetus including palatogenesis; however, this interference does not result in cleft palate, rather smaller palate size with persistent MES. To our knowledge, this is the first experiment revealing the impact of nicotine on the fetal palate transcriptome in mice. Total 8 samples were analyzed. Using an osmotic minipump, duplicate samples from palates of either sterile physiological saline or nicotine (1.5 mg/kg/day, 3.0 mg/kg/day, or 4.5 mg/kg/day)-treated newborn pups.
2011-12-15 | E-GEOD-31004 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background: In humans, cleft palate (CP) accounts for one of the largest number of birth defects with a complex genetic and environmental etiology. TGFM-NM-23 has been established as an important regulator of palatal fusion in mice and it has been shown that TGFM-NM-23-null mice exhibit CP without any other major deformities. However, the genes that regulate cellular decisions and molecular mechanisms maintained by the TGFM-NM-23 pathway throughout palatogenesis are predominantly unexplored. Our objective in this study was to analyze global transcriptome changes within the palate during different gestational ages within TGFM-NM-23 knockout mice to identify TGFM-NM-23-associated genes previously unknown to be associated with the development of cleft palate. We used deep sequencing technology, RNA-Seq, to analyze the transcriptome of TGFM-NM-23 knockout mice at crucial stages of palatogenesis, including palatal growth (E14.5), adhesion (E15.5), and fusion (E16.5). Results: The overall transcriptome analysis of TGFM-NM-23 wildtype mice (C57BL/6) reveals that almost 6000 genes were upregulated during the transition from E14.5 to E15.5 and more than 2000 were downregulated from E15.5 to E16.5. Using bioinformatics tools and databases, we identified the most comprehensive list of CP genes (n = 322) in which mutations cause CP either in humans or mice, and analyzed their expression patterns. The expression motifs of CP genes between TGFM-NM-23+/M-bM-^HM-^R and TGFM-NM-23M-bM-^HM-^R/M-bM-^HM-^R were not significantly different from each other, and the expression of the majority of CP genes remained unchanged from E14.5 to E16.5. Using these patterns, we identified 8 unique genes within TGFM-NM-23M-bM-^HM-^R/M-bM-^HM-^R mice (Chrng Foxc2, H19, Kcnj13, Lhx8, Meox2, Shh, and Six3), which may function as the primary contributors to the development of cleft palate in TGFM-NM-23M-bM-^HM-^R/M-bM-^HM-^R mice. When the significantly altered CP genes were overlaid with TGFM-NM-2 signaling, all of these genes followed the Smad-dependent pathway. Conclusions: Our study represents the first analysis of the palatal transcriptome of the mouse, as well as TGFM-NM-23 knockout mice, using deep sequencing methods. In this study, we characterized the critical regulation of palatal transcripts that may play key regulatory roles through crucial stages of palatal development. We identified potential causative CP genes in a TGFM-NM-23 knockout model, which may lead to a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms of palatogenesis and provide novel potential targets for gene therapy approaches to treat cleft palate. Palatal mRNA profiles of wild type (WT), TGFM-NM-23+/-, and TGFM-NM-23-/- mice at E14.5, E15.5, and E16.5 were generated by deep sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina HiSeq2000
2013-03-29 | E-GEOD-45568 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Nonsyndromic cleft palate is a common birth defect (1:700) with a complex etiology involving both genetic and environmental risk factors. Nicotine, a major teratogen present in tobacco products, was shown to cause alterations and delays in the developing fetus. To demonstrate the effect of nicotine on craniofacial development, particularly palatogenesis, we delivered three different doses of nicotine (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 mg/kg/day) into pregnant BALB/c mice throughout their entire pregnancy using subcutaneous osmotic mini-pump. We assessed the pups for morphological anomalies, as well as genome-wide mRNA (transcriptome) microarray analysis. Consistent administration of nicotine caused developmental retardation, still birth, low birth weight, and significant palatal size and shape abnormality in the pups. However, it did not cause obvious cleft palate. The microarray data analysis using IPA identified differential expression of genes involved in various biological pathways, particularly cancer, genetic diseases, and tissue development in response to consistent nicotine exposure. 6232 up-regulated and 6310 down-regulated genes were detected in nicotine-treated groups compared to the control. Moreover, 45% of the genes associated with cleft palate were found to be affected by nicotine. Alterations of a subset of differentially expressed genes were illustrated with hierarchal clustering and RT-PCR. We concluded that consistent nicotine exposure during pregnancy interferes with normal growth and development of the fetus including palatogenesis; however, this interference does not result in cleft palate, rather smaller palate size with persistent MES. To our knowledge, this is the first experiment revealing the impact of nicotine on the fetal palate transcriptome in mice.
2011-12-15 | GSE31004 | GEO
Project description:Background: In humans, cleft palate (CP) accounts for one of the largest number of birth defects with a complex genetic and environmental etiology. TGFβ3 has been established as an important regulator of palatal fusion in mice and it has been shown that TGFβ3-null mice exhibit CP without any other major deformities. However, the genes that regulate cellular decisions and molecular mechanisms maintained by the TGFβ3 pathway throughout palatogenesis are predominantly unexplored. Our objective in this study was to analyze global transcriptome changes within the palate during different gestational ages within TGFβ3 knockout mice to identify TGFβ3-associated genes previously unknown to be associated with the development of cleft palate. We used deep sequencing technology, RNA-Seq, to analyze the transcriptome of TGFβ3 knockout mice at crucial stages of palatogenesis, including palatal growth (E14.5), adhesion (E15.5), and fusion (E16.5). Results: The overall transcriptome analysis of TGFβ3 wildtype mice (C57BL/6) reveals that almost 6000 genes were upregulated during the transition from E14.5 to E15.5 and more than 2000 were downregulated from E15.5 to E16.5. Using bioinformatics tools and databases, we identified the most comprehensive list of CP genes (n = 322) in which mutations cause CP either in humans or mice, and analyzed their expression patterns. The expression motifs of CP genes between TGFβ3+/− and TGFβ3−/− were not significantly different from each other, and the expression of the majority of CP genes remained unchanged from E14.5 to E16.5. Using these patterns, we identified 8 unique genes within TGFβ3−/− mice (Chrng Foxc2, H19, Kcnj13, Lhx8, Meox2, Shh, and Six3), which may function as the primary contributors to the development of cleft palate in TGFβ3−/− mice. When the significantly altered CP genes were overlaid with TGFβ signaling, all of these genes followed the Smad-dependent pathway. Conclusions: Our study represents the first analysis of the palatal transcriptome of the mouse, as well as TGFβ3 knockout mice, using deep sequencing methods. In this study, we characterized the critical regulation of palatal transcripts that may play key regulatory roles through crucial stages of palatal development. We identified potential causative CP genes in a TGFβ3 knockout model, which may lead to a better understanding of the genetic mechanisms of palatogenesis and provide novel potential targets for gene therapy approaches to treat cleft palate.
2013-03-29 | GSE45568 | GEO