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Ribosome profiling reveals conserved guanosine residues at ribosome pausing sites in Bacillus subtilis [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Ribosome pausing slows down translation and can affect protein synthesis. Improving translation efficiency can therefore be of commercial value. Here, we investigated the occurrence of ribosome pausing during amylase secretion by the industrial production organism Bacillus subtilis under semi fed-batch fermentation conditions. We first assessed our ribosome profiling setup by inducing ribosome stalling at isoleucine codons using the antibiotic mupirocin, and found a pause preference for isoleucine codons preceded by E and P site codons with guanosine residues in their first nucleotide position. Interestingly, when we applied standard ribosomal profiling conditions we found again an enrichment of guanosine residues in the E and P site of ribosome pause sites, but this time also upstream of the ribosome pause site. This sequence motif deviates from previously described ribosome pausing motifs. For the highly expressed amylase gene amyM several strong ribosome pausing sites were detected, which remained present during the 64-hour long fermentation, and were neither related to rare codons nor to secondary protein structures. When surveying the genome, an interesting finding was the presence of strong ribosome pausing sites in several toxins genes. These potential ribosome stall sites may function in preventing inadvertent activity in the cytosol.

ORGANISM(S): Bacillus subtilis

PROVIDER: GSE250312 | GEO | 2024/01/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Ribosome profiling reveals conserved guanosine residues at ribosome pausing sites in Bacillus subtilis [Ribo-seq]

Project description:Ribosome pausing slows down translation and can affect protein synthesis. Improving translation efficiency can therefore be of commercial value. Here, we investigated the occurrence of ribosome pausing during amylase secretion by the industrial production organism Bacillus subtilis under semi fed-batch fermentation conditions. We first assessed our ribosome profiling setup by inducing ribosome stalling at isoleucine codons using the antibiotic mupirocin, and found a pause preference for isoleucine codons preceded by E and P site codons with guanosine residues in their first nucleotide position. Interestingly, when we applied standard ribosomal profiling conditions we found again an enrichment of guanosine residues in the E and P site of ribosome pause sites, but this time also upstream of the ribosome pause site. This sequence motif deviates from previously described ribosome pausing motifs. For the highly expressed amylase gene amyM several strong ribosome pausing sites were detected, which remained present during the 64-hour long fermentation, and were neither related to rare codons nor to secondary protein structures. When surveying the genome, an interesting finding was the presence of strong ribosome pausing sites in several toxins genes. These potential ribosome stall sites may function in preventing inadvertent activity in the cytosol.

2024-01-01 | GSE250313 | GEO

The anti-Shine-Dalgarno sequence drives translational pausing and codon choice in bacteria

Project description:Protein synthesis by ribosomes takes place on a linear substrate but at variable speeds. Transient pausing of ribosomes can impact a variety of co-translational processes, including protein targeting and folding. These pauses are influenced by the sequence of the mRNA. Thus redundancy in the genetic code allows the same protein to be translated at different rates. However, our knowledge of both the position and the mechanism of translational pausing in vivo is highly limited. Here we present a genome-wide analysis of translational pausing in bacteria using ribosome profiling-deep sequencing of ribosome-protected mRNA fragments. This approach enables high-resolution measurement of ribosome density profiles along most transcripts at unperturbed, endogenous expression levels. Unexpectedly, we found that codons decoded by rare tRNAs do not lead to slow translation under nutrient-rich conditions. Instead, Shine-Dalgarno-(SD) like features within coding sequences cause pervasive translational pausing. Using an orthogonal ribosome possessing an altered anti-SD sequence, we demonstrated that pausing is due to hybridization between mRNA and the 16S rRNA of the translating ribosome. In protein coding sequences, internal SD sequences are disfavoured, which leads to biased usage, avoiding codons and codon pairs that resemble canonical SD sites. Our results indicate that internal SD-like sequences are a major determinant of translation rates and a global driving force for the coding of bacterial genomes. Identification of translation pause sites in vivo using ribosome profiling

2012-04-01 | E-GEOD-35641 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Ribo-seq of HEK293T overexpressing WT and G240R GARS

Project description:Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease can be caused by mutations in Aminoacyl-tRNA-Synthetases, including G240R mutation in Glycyl-tRNA-Synthetase (GARS). Ribo-seq generates snapshots of translating ribosomes on mRNA and therefore allows analysis of ribosome pausing mRNA. Here we performed Ribo-seq on lysates of HEK293T cells overexpressing GARS, WT or G240R, to dissect mechanism of CMT linked with translation. We found that GARS G240R causes pausing of ribosomes with glycine codons in A-site. The effect is specific for 21 nt ribosome-protected fragments, produced by ribosomes with empty A-sites, suggestive of the deficit of charged Glycyl-tRNA in GARS G240R-CMT.

2021-09-14 | E-MTAB-10342 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcriptome-wide sites of collided ribosomes reveal sequence determinants of translational pausing in vivo

Project description:Translation initiation is considered overall rate-limiting for protein biosynthesis, whereas the impact of non-uniform ribosomal elongation rates is largely unknown. Using a modified ribosome profiling protocol based on footprints from two closely packed ribosomes (disomes), we have mapped ribosomal collisions transcriptome-wide in mouse liver. We uncover that the stacking of an elongating onto a paused ribosome occurs frequently and scales with translation rate, trapping ~10% of translating ribosomes in the disome state. A distinct class of pause sites, independent of translation rate, is indicative of deterministic pausing signals. We find pause sites associated with specific codons, amino acids, and peptide motifs, and with structural features of the nascent polypeptide, suggestive of programmed pausing as a widespread mechanism associated with protein folding. Evolutionary conservation at disome sites and experiments indicate functional relevance of translational pausing. Collectively, our disome profiling approach allows novel and unexpected insights into gene regulation occurring at the step of translation elongation.

2020-06-18 | GSE134541 | GEO

Translational control through ribosome traffic jams and aborted protein synthesis

Project description:Translational control is a widespread mode of gene regulation in organisms ranging from bacteria to mammals. Computational models posit that translational control of protein expression during elongation is exerted through a traffic jam of multiple ribosomes at ribosome pause sites on mRNAs. Yet neither the in vivo frequency of ribosome traffic jams nor the contribution of such traffic jams to protein expression has been measured in any organism. Here we show that upon starvation for single amino acids in the bacterium Escherichia coli, ribosome traffic jams are pervasive across the transcriptome, but they occur at only a subset of codons cognate to the limiting amino acid, and their severity is determined by the translation efficiency of mRNAs. Surprisingly, a computational model based on the observed traffic jams at ribosome pause sites is quantitatively inconsistent with measured protein synthesis rates. By comparison, a model incorporating abortion of protein synthesis at ribosome pause sites in addition to ribosome traffic jams predicts protein synthesis rate with higher accuracy. Consistent with the latter model, a significant fraction of the nascent polypeptides at ribosome pause sites is degraded through the activity of the transfer-messenger RNA during amino acid starvation in E. coli. Our work provides a minimal, experimentally-constrained model for predicting protein expression from ribosome dynamics, and it suggests the existence of a trade-off between the cellular translational capacity and the processivity of protein synthesis in vivo. 6 samples for ribosome profiling and 5 samples for total mRNA profiling

2014-05-15 | E-GEOD-51052 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The coding and noncoding architecture of the Caulobacter crescentus genome

Project description:Caulobacter crescentus undergoes an asymmetric cell division controlled by a genetic circuit that cycles in space and time. We provide a universal strategy for defining the coding potential of bacterial genomes by applying ribosome profiling, RNA-seq, global 5’-RACE, and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data to the 4-megabase C. crescentus genome. We mapped transcript units at single base-pair resolution using RNA-seq together with global 5’ RACE. Additionally, using ribosome profiling and LC-MS, we mapped translation start sites and coding regions with near complete coverage. We found most start codons lacked corresponding Shine-Dalgarno sites although ribosomes were observed to pause at internal Shine-Dalgarno sites within the ORF. These data suggest a more prevalent use of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence for ribosome pausing rather than translation initiation in C. crescentus. Overall 19% of the transcribed and translated genomic elements were newly identified or significantly improved by this approach providing a valuable genomic resource to elucidate the complete C. crescentus genetic circuitry that controls asymmetric cell division. Ribosome profiling and RNA-seq data were collected in Caulobacter crescentus NA1000 cells grown in M2G and PYE media to map transcript and ORF features in the genome.

2014-05-29 | E-GEOD-54883 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Ribosome profiling reveals conserved guanosine residues at ribosome pausing sites in Bacillus subtilis

Project description:Ribosome profiling reveals conserved guanosine residues at ribosome pausing sites in Bacillus subtilis

| PRJNA1053350 | ENA

Project description:Ribosome profiling reveals conserved guanosine residues at ribosome pausing sites in Bacillus subtilis

| PRJNA1040237 | ENA

Project description:Ribosome profiling reveals conserved guanosine residues at ribosome pausing sites in Bacillus subtilis

| PRJNA1031643 | ENA

Translatome analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Project description:We present the data obtained from high-resolution ribosome profiling analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis grown under standard conditions (log phase) and cells subjected to oxidative stress (50 µM cumene hydroperoxide) and pH stress (pH 4.5). Our data shows pervasive ribosome pausing in the M. tb translatome. A large number of genes show very high pause immediately downstream to the translation start site. Moreover, serines and alanines in the E site of the ribosome exhibit highest pause scores.

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