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Interplay between coding and non-coding regulation drives the Arabidopsis seed-to-seedling transition.

ABSTRACT: Translation of seed stored mRNAs is essential to trigger germination. However, when RNAPII re-engages RNA synthesis during the seed-to-seedling transition has remained in question. Combining csRNA-seq, ATAC-seq and smFISH in Arabidopsis thaliana we demonstrate that active transcription initiation is detectable during the entire germination process. Features of non-coding regulation such as dynamic changes in chromatin accessible regions, antisense transcription, as well as bidirectional non-coding promoters are widespread throughout the Arabidopsis genome. We show that sensitivity to exogenous ABSCISIC ACID (ABA) during germination depends on proximal promoter accessibility at ABA-responsive genes. Moreover, we provide genetic validation of the existence of divergent transcription in plants. Our results reveal that active enhancer elements are transcribed producing non-coding enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) as widely documented in metazoans. In sum, this study defining the extent and role of coding and non-coding transcription during key stages of germination expands our understanding of transcriptional mechanisms underlying plant developmental transitions.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE250331 | GEO | 2024/02/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Interplay between coding and non-coding regulation drives the Arabidopsis seed-to-seedling transition (ATAC-seq)

Project description:Translation of seed stored mRNAs is essential to trigger germination. However, when RNAPII re-engages RNA synthesis during the seed-to-seedling transition has remained in question. Combining csRNA-seq, ATAC-seq and smFISH in Arabidopsis thaliana we demonstrate that active transcription initiation is detectable during the entire germination process. Features of non-coding regulation such as dynamic changes in chromatin accessible regions, antisense transcription, as well as bidirectional non-coding promoters are widespread throughout the Arabidopsis genome. We show that sensitivity to exogenous ABSCISIC ACID (ABA) during germination depends on proximal promoter accessibility at ABA-responsive genes. Moreover, we provide genetic validation of the existence of divergent transcription in plants. Our results reveal that active enhancer elements are transcribed producing non-coding enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) as widely documented in metazoans. In sum, this study defining the extent and role of coding and non-coding transcription during key stages of germination expands our understanding of transcriptional mechanisms underlying plant developmental transitions.

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Interplay between coding and non-coding regulation drives the Arabidopsis seed-to-seedling transition (csRNA-seq)

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Comparative transcriptome analysis of wheat embryo and endosperm response to ABA and H2O2 stresses during seed germination

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Comparative transcriptome analysis of wheat embryo and endosperm response to ABA and H2O2 stresses during seed germination

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Interplay between coding and non-coding regulation drives the Arabidopsis seed-to-seedling transition (csRNA-seq)

Project description:Interplay between coding and non-coding regulation drives the Arabidopsis seed-to-seedling transition (csRNA-seq)

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The COP9 Signalosome regulates seed germination by facilitating protein degradation of RGL2 and ABI5

Project description:The control of seed germination and seed dormancy are critical for the successful propagation of plant species, and are important agricultural traits. Seed germination is tightly controlled by the balance of gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA), and is influenced by environmental factors. The COP9 Signalosome (CSN) is a conserved multi-subunit protein complex that is best known as a regulator of the Cullin-RING family of ubiquitin E3 ligases (CRLs). Multiple viable mutants of the CSN showed poor germination, except for csn5b-1. Detailed analyses showed that csn1-10 has a stronger seed dormancy, while csn5a-1 mutants exhibit retarded seed germination in addition to hyperdormancy. Both csn5a-1 and csn1-10 plants show defects in the timely removal of the germination inhibitors: RGL2, a repressor of GA signaling, and ABI5, an effector of ABA responses. We provide genetic evidence to demonstrate that the germination phenotype of csn1-10 is caused by over-accumulation of RGL2, a substrate of the SCF (CRL1) ubiquitin E3 ligase, while the csn5a-1 phenotype is caused by over-accumulation of RGL2 as well as ABI5. The genetic data are consistent with the hypothesis that CSN5A regulates ABI5 by a mechanism that may not involve CSN1. Transcriptome analyses suggest that CSN1 has a more prominent role than CSN5A during seed maturation, but CSN5A plays a more important role than CSN1 during seed germination, further supporting the functional distinction of these two CSN genes. Our study delineates the molecular targets of the CSN complex in seed germination, and reveals that CSN5 has additional functions in regulating ABI5, thus the ABA signaling pathway.

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Project description:Loss of the seed-specific WRKY transcription factor WRKY43 confers enhanced tolerance towards high salt, high osmolarity and low temperature with respect to seed germination. wrky43 loss of function lines display increased inhibition of seed germination in response to exogenous ABA, while WRKY43 overexpression lines are more tolerant towards exogenous ABA. The opposing effect of the wrky43 mutant on salt and ABA tolerance is reminiscent of fatty acid desaturase mutants. Loss of WRKY43 enhances polyunsaturated fatty acid content, particularly 18:2 and 18:3 in TAGs and Phospholipids. Gene chip arrays show that ABA-induced regulation of FUSCA3, ZAT10 and seed storage proteins are absent in the wrky43 mutant. Promoter-Luciferase studies confirm direct regulation of ZAT10 by WRKY43 and suggest indirect regulation of FUS3 and SSPs. In summary WRKY43 acts as a positive regulator of ABA-dependent gene regulation and of fatty acid desaturation that finally results in enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress.

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