Wild type (WT) and Aconitate decarboxylase 1 knockout (Acod1-/-) BMDM treated with Imiquimod for 12h
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE250384 | GEO | 2024/04/17
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Brucellosis is one of the most widespread bacterial zoonoses worldwide. Here, our aim was to identify the effector mechanisms controlling the early stages of intranasal infection with Brucella in C57BL/6 mice. During the first 48 hours of infection, alveolar macrophages (AMs) are the main cells infected in the lungs. Using RNA sequencing, we identified the aconitate decarboxylase 1 gene (Acod1; also known as Immune responsive gene 1), as one of the genes most upregulated in murine AMs in response to B. melitensis infection at 24 hours post-infection. Upregulation of Acod1 was confirmed by RT-qPCR in lungs infected with B. melitensis and B. abortus. We observed that Acod1-/- C57BL/6 mice display a higher bacterial load in their lungs than wild-type (wt) mice following B. melitensis or B. abortus infection, demonstrating that Acod1 participates in the control of pulmonary Brucella infection. The ACOD1 enzyme is mostly produced in mitochondria of macrophages, and converts cis-aconitate, a metabolite in the Krebs cycle, into itaconate. Dimethyl itaconate (DMI), a chemically-modified membrane permeable form of itaconate, has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on Brucella growth in vitro. Interestingly, modelling studies suggest the binding of itaconate into the binding site of isocitrate lyase. DMI does not inhibit multiplication of the isocitrate lyase deletion mutant ∆aceA B. abortus in vitro. Finally, we observed that, unlike the wt strain, the ∆aceA B. abortus strain multiplies similarly in wt and Acod1-/- C57BL/6 mice. These data suggest that bacterial isocitrate lyase might be a target of itaconate in AMs.
2021-09-21 | GSE180699 | GEO
Project description:Sleepiness is commonly associated with neuroinflammation; however, the underlying neuroregulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Previous research suggests that the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) plays a crucial role in regulating sleep‐wake dynamics; thus, neurological abnormalities in the PVT may contribute to neuroinflammation-induced sleepiness. To test this hypothesis, we performed electroencephalography recordings in mice treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and found that the mice exhibited temporary sleepiness lasting for 7 days. Using the Fos-TRAP method, fiber photometry recordings, and immunofluorescence staining, we detected temporary PVT neuron hypoactivation and microglia activation from day 1 to day 7 post-LPS treatment. Combining the results of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, we found upregulation of aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1) in PVT microglia post-LPS treatment. To investigate the role of Acod1, we manipulated Acod1 gene expression in PVT microglia via stereotactic injection of short hairpin RNA adenovirus. Knockdown of Acod1 exacerbated inflammation, neuronal hypoactivation, and sleepiness. Itaconate is a metabolite synthesized by the enzyme encoded by Acod1. Finally, we confirmed that exogenous administration of an itaconate derivative, 4-octyl itaconate, could inhibit microglia activation, alleviate neuronal dysfunction, and relieve sleepiness. In summary, our findings highlight PVT’s role in inflammation-induced sleepiness and suggest Acod1 as a potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammation.
2024-10-23 | GSE280081 | GEO
Project description:Lung metastasis is the principal cause of breast cancer-related mortality. Neutrophils have emerged as an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), supporting tumor proliferation and mediating immunosuppression. Here, we show that aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1) is highly expressed in tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and promotes breast cancer lung metastasis by supporting neutrophil survival in the TME. Acod1 expression is regulated by tumor-derived granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) through the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) transcription factor activity. Acod1 loss in tumor-infiltrating neutrophils leads to ferroptosis-like cell death, resulting in decreased frequency of neutrophils in the TME. Mechanistically, itaconate, the product of Acod1, activates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), resulting in upregulated antioxidant responses and decreased lipid-reactive oxygen species. Genetical deletion of Acod1 in neutrophils suppresses lung metastasis of breast cancer in mouse models by decreasing neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and elevating cytotoxic T cell response. Importantly, genetic targeting of Acod1 enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. Overall, our findings reveal a mechanism of how immunosuppressive neutrophils survive in the harsh TME and support Acod1-targeting approaches for cancer treatment.
2023-09-13 | GSE216425 | GEO
Project description:Background: Environmental lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and microbial component-enriched organic dusts cause significant lung diseases. These environmental exposures induce the recruitment and activation of distinct lung monocyte/macrophage subpopulations involved in disease pathogenesis. Given monocyte/macrophage activation is tightly linked to metabolism, the objective of these studies was to determine the role of the immunometabolic regulator, aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1), in environmental exposure-induced lung inflammation. Methods: Wild-type (WT) mice were intratracheally instilled (I.T.) with 10 ug LPS or saline. Whole lungs were profiled using bulk RNA sequencing or sorted to isolate monocyte/macrophage subpopulations. Sorted subpopulations were then characterized transcriptomically using a NanoString innate immunity multiplex array 48 hours post-exposure. Next, WT and Acod1-/- mice were instilled with LPS, 25% organic dust extract (ODE), or saline with serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissues collected. BALF metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were quantified by mass-spectrometry. Cytokines/chemokines and tissue remodeling mediators were quantitated by ELISA. Lung immune cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Whole body plethysmography was performed 3 hours post-LPS with WT and Acod1-/- mice. Results: By bulk sequencing, Acod1 was one of the most significantly upregulated genes following LPS (vs. saline) exposure of murine whole lungs. Transcriptomic profiling of sorted lung monocyte/macrophage subpopulations corroborated Acod1 significance. Acod1-/- mice treated with LPS (vs. WT) demonstrated decreased BALF levels of itaconate, TCA cycle reprogramming, decreased BALF neutrophils, increased lung CD4+ T cells, decreased BALF and lung levels of TNF-a, and decreased BALF CXCL1. In comparison, Acod1-/- mice treated with ODE (vs. WT) demonstrated decreased serum pentraxin-2, BALF levels of itaconate, lung total cell, neutrophil, monocyte, and B cell infiltrates with decreased BALF levels of TNF-a, IL-6, and decreased lung CXCL1. Mediators of tissue remodeling (TIMP1, MMP8, MMP9) were also decreased in the LPS-exposed Acod1-/- mice, with MMP-9 also decreased in the ODE-exposed Acod1-/- mice. Lung function assessments demonstrated a blunted response to LPS-induced airway hyper-responsiveness in Acod1-/- mice. Conclusion: Acod1 is robustly upregulated in the lungs following LPS-exposure and encodes a key immunometabolic regulator. ACOD1 mediates the pro-inflammatory response to acute inhaled, environmental LPS and organic dust exposure-induced lung inflammation.
2024-10-15 | GSE267022 | GEO
Project description:Enhanced osteoclast-mediated bone erosion is a prominent hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis. Emerging evidence suggests that this process is facilitated by metabolic dysregulation of osteoclasts. The mitochondrial enzyme aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1, also known as immune responsive gene 1 [Irg1]) serves as a mediator between the metabolic condition and the functional state of different types of cells. Acod1-deficient mice are characterized by enhanced osteoclast differentiation and bone erosion in an inflammatory arthritis model, while therapeutic treatment with the itaconate-derivative 4-octyl-itaconate (4-OI) alleviates the disease phenotype in experimental arthritis. To ascertain the influence of the Acod1-itaconate axis on the genomic transcriptional network of osteoclasts, we performed a whole transcriptome RNA sequencing analysis with fully differentiated osteoclasts from WT and Acod1-deficient mice that were cultured in the presence or absence of 4-OI.
2024-07-15 | GSE237504 | GEO
Project description:Aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1) is the enzyme synthesizing itaconate, an immuno-regulatory metabolite tuning host-pathogen interactions. Such functions are achieved by affecting metabolic pathways regulating inflammation and microbe survival. However, at the whole-body level, metabolic roles of itaconate remain largely unresolved. By using multiomics-integrated approaches, here we show that ACOD1 responds to high-fat diet consumption in mice by promoting gut microbiota alterations supporting metabolic disease. Genetic disruption of itaconate biosynthesis protects mice against obesity, alterations in glucose homeostasis and liver metabolic dysfunctions by decreasing meta-inflammatory responses to dietary lipid overload. Mechanistically, fecal metagenomics and microbiota transplantation experiments demonstrate such effects are dependent on an amelioration of the intestinal ecosystem composition, skewed by high-fat diet feeding towards obesogenic phenotype. In particular, unbiased fecal microbiota profiling and axenic culture experiments point towards a primary role for itaconate in inhibiting growth of Bacteroidaceae and Bacteroides, family and genus of Bacteroidetes phylum, the major gut microbial taxon associated with metabolic health. Specularly to the effects imposed by Acod1 deficiency on fecal microbiota, oral itaconate consumption enhances diet-induced gut dysbiosis and associated obesogenic responses in mice. Unveiling an unrecognized role of itaconate, either endogenously produced or exogenously administered, in supporting microbiota alterations underlying diet-induced obesity in mice, our study points ACOD1 as a target against inflammatory consequences of overnutrition.
2024-02-05 | GSE213632 | GEO
Project description:Itaconate has emerged as a critical immunoregulatory metabolite. Here, we examined the therapeutic potential of itaconate in atherosclerosis. We found that both itaconate and the enzyme that synthesizes it, aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1, also known as “immune-responsive gene 1”/IRG1) are upregulated during atherogenesis in mice. Here we analzyed the anatomy of atherosclerotic plaques from wildtype and Acod1-/- mice through single cell RNA-seq.
2024-02-14 | GSE235749 | GEO
Project description:RNA-sequencing demonstrated Acod1 (Aconitate decarboxylase 1) as one of the top genes induced by air polution particulate matter (PM) in macrophages. We therefore sought to determine the effect of both exogenous itaconate (4-octyl itaconate) and endogenous itaconate on PM-induced inflammation in macrophages through RNA sequencing.
2020-04-07 | GSE143881 | GEO
Project description:In Glioblastoma (GBM), tumour-associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs) represent the most abundant cells of the stromal compartment contributing to tumour immune escape mechanisms. Thus, strategies targeting TAMs are emerging as promising objectives for immunotherapy. However, TAMs heterogeneity is only starting to emerge and little is known about their contribution to GBM progression. Here, we comprehensively study the molecular changes of TAMs in the GL261 GBM mouse model by single-cell RNA-sequencing across GBM progression and in the absence of Acod1/Irg1, a key gene involved in macrophage metabolic reprogramming. We identify distinct TAM profiles, mainly based on their ontogeny, which recapitulate microglia- versus macrophage-like features showing key transcriptional differences and rapidly adapting along GBM stages. Notably, we uncover a decreased antigen-presenting cell signature in TAMs along tumour progression that is less prominent in Acod1/Irg1-deficient mice. Overall, our results provide insights into TAMs heterogeneity and highlight a potential role for Acod1/Irg1 in TAMs polarization along GBM progression.
2020-09-16 | GSE158016 | GEO
Project description:ACOD1 is the enzyme repurposing cisaconitate from the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in the mitochondria to produce itaconate, a metabolite with anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic functions. In particular, itaconate accumulation in macrophages is known to oppose pro-inflammatory cytokine production mainly by inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase activity, activating the NRF2 and ATF3driven responses and inhibiting NLRP3. Itaconate biosynthesis was found to be induced in the liver of mice exposed to ischemia reperfusion (I/R) stress and to oppose the resulting tissue injury by sustaining hepatoprotective antioxidant programs. Whether ACOD1 plays a role in the homeostatic response of liver to different noninfectious injuring conditions remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the contribution of itaconate biosynthesis in the response of liver to dietary lipid overload and in the development of associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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