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Polymerization of BTB transcription factors regulates chromatin occupancy [ChIP-Seq]

ABSTRACT: The broad-complex, tramtrack and bric-à-brac (BTB) family of transcription factors (TFs) serve as important regulators of hematopoietic development. The BTB domains of these TFs mediate co-repressor recruitment and dimerization, but their propensity to self-assemble into higher-order structures has not been established. Here, we survey 189 human BTB proteins and identify 18 BTB TFs that form punctate nuclear foci. We demonstrate that these foci-forming BTB TFs polymerize into filaments and present the cryo-EM structures of ZBTB5BTB and ZBTB9BTB filaments. Finally, we find that polymerization in BTB TFs enhances chromatin occupancy within regions containing homotypic clusters of TF binding sites. This increased chromatin occupancy in turn leads to the repression of target genes. Taken together, our results reveal a novel mechanism to regulate BTB TFs, and suggest an underappreciated role for polymerization in regulating TF function.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE251687 | GEO | 2024/07/11

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Polymerization of BTB transcription factors regulates chromatin occupancy [RNA-Seq]

Project description:The broad-complex, tramtrack and bric-à-brac (BTB) family of transcription factors (TFs) serve as important regulators of hematopoietic development. The BTB domains of these TFs mediate co-repressor recruitment and dimerization, but their propensity to self-assemble into higher-order structures has not been established. Here, we survey 189 human BTB proteins and identify 18 BTB TFs that form punctate nuclear foci. We demonstrate that these foci-forming BTB TFs polymerize into filaments and present the cryo-EM structures of ZBTB5BTB and ZBTB9BTB filaments. Finally, we find that polymerization in BTB TFs enhances chromatin occupancy within regions containing homotypic clusters of TF binding sites. This increased chromatin occupancy in turn leads to the repression of target genes. Taken together, our results reveal a novel mechanism to regulate BTB TFs, and suggest an underappreciated role for polymerization in regulating TF function.

2024-07-11 | GSE251638 | GEO

Small molecule-induced polymerization triggers degradation of BCL6

Project description:Most small-molecule protein degraders act as interface stabilizers ‘molecular glues’ between E3 ubiquitin ligases and target proteins to induce ternary complex formation and ubiquitin-dependent target protein degradation. Here we report polymerization as a novel mechanism for small molecule-induced degradation. Using functional screens in combination with molecular and biochemical assays, we found that BI-3802, which binds to the BTB domain of the oncogenic transcription factor BCL6, induces polymerization of BCL6 into regular helical structures in vitro and foci in vivo. Polymerization precedes degradation by the SIAH1 E3 ubiquitin ligase. Hereby, a VxP amino acid motif on BCL6, distal from the drug-binding BTB domain, is required for SIAH1 binding, ubiquitination and BI-3802-induced degradation. Our findings propose that small molecule-induced polymerization is not only a new modality for targeted protein degradation, but also provides synthetic biology with a tool for tunable protein polymerization and opens new avenues for future drug design.

2020-11-20 | PXD016185 | Pride

Drosophila architectural protein CTCF is not essential for fly survival and is able to function independently of CP190

Project description:CTCF is the most likely ancestor of proteins that contain large clusters of C2H2 zinc finger domains (C2H2) and is conserved among most bilateral organisms. In mammals, CTCF functions as the main architectural protein involved in the organization of topology-associated domains (TADs). In vertebrates and Drosophila, CTCF is involved in the regulation of homeotic genes. Previously, null mutations in the dCTCF gene were found to result in death during the stage of pharate adults, which failed to eclose from their pupal case. Here, we obtained several new null dCTCF mutations and found that the complete inactivation of dCTCF appears to be limited to phenotypic manifestations of the Abd-B gene and fertility of adult flies. Many modifiers that are not associated with an independent phenotypic manifestation can significantly enhance the expressivity of the null dCTCF mutations, indicating that other architectural proteins are able to functionally compensate for dCTCF inactivation in Drosophila. We also mapped the 715–735 aa region of dCTCF as being essential for the interaction with the BTB (Broad-Complex, Tramtrack, and Bric a brac) and microtubule-targeting (M) domains of the CP190 protein, which binds to many architectural proteins. However, the mutational analysis showed that the interaction with CP190 was not essential for the functional activity of dCTCF in vivo.

2021-07-15 | GSE175402 | GEO

A mammalian transcription factor-specific peptide repository for targeted proteomics

Project description:Site-specific transcription factors (TFs) play an essential role in mammalian development and function as they are vital for the majority of cellular processes. Despite their biological importance, TF proteomic data is scarce in the literature, likely due to difficulties in detecting peptides as the abundance of TFs in cells tends to be low. In recent years, significant improvements in mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies in terms of sensitivity and specificity have increased the interest in developing quantitative methodologies specifically targeting relatively lowly abundant proteins such as TFs in mammalian models. Such efforts would be greatly aided by the availability of TF peptide-specific information as such data would not only enable improvements in speed and accuracy of protein identifications, but also ameliorate cross-comparisons of quantitative proteomics data and allow for a more efficient development of targeted proteomics assays. However, to date, no comprehensive TF proteotypic peptide database has been developed. To address this evident lack of TF peptide data in public repositories, we are generating a comprehensive, experimentally derived TF proteotypic peptide spectral library dataset based on in vitro protein expression. Our library currently contains peptide information for 89 TFs, and this number is set to increase in the near future.

2015-01-23 | PXD001212 | Pride

DNA G-quadruplexes are transcription factor binding hot spots in human chromatin

Project description:Gene expression is governed by transcription factors (TFs) that commonly recognize short DNA sequence motifs. However, TF recruitment to genomic target sites in chromatin is complex and many parameters that ultimately dictate binding-site specificity are still unknown. Here, we systematically explore the interaction of TFs with synthetic and endogenous G-quadruplexes (G4s) DNA secondary structures. Our findings reveal that certain TFs are directly recruited to promoters by endogenous G4s with binding affinities comparable to canonical B-DNA binding and that endogenous G4-TF interactions can be disrupted with synthetic small molecule ligands. G4s in promoters are bound by a large number of TFs and associated with high transcriptional activity. This discovery of structure-specific recognition expands our understanding of how TFs regulate gene transcription.

2021-03-24 | GSE145090 | GEO

Transcription factors harbor functional RNA-binding domains

Project description:Transcription factors (TFs) orchestrate the gene expression programs that define each cell’s identity, and the canonical TF accomplishes this with two functional domains1–7. The DNA-binding domain interacts with specific genomic sequences, and the effector domain binds coactivators or co-repressors that contribute to transcriptional regulation. We report here that TFs also frequently contain an RNA-binding domain and that this also contributes to gene regulation. Nearly half of TFs in human cells show evidence of RNA-binding and their affinities for RNA are similar to those of well-studied RNA-binding proteins. The RNA-binding sites of TFs have sequence and functional features analogous to the arginine-rich motif of the HIV transcriptional activator Tat8,9. RNA-binding contributes to TF function by promoting the dynamic association of TFs with chromatin. We conclude that the canonical definition of transcription factors is incomplete, and that the ability of many TFs to bind DNA, RNA and protein is fundamental to gene regulation.

2023-07-02 | PXD035484 | Pride

Spatial transcriptomics unveils ZBTB11 as a regulator of cardiomyocyte degeneration in cardiomyopathy

Project description:Aims Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited cardiac disorder that is characterized by progressive fibro-fatty replacement of the myocardium, arrhythmias, and sudden death. While myocardial degeneration and fibro-fatty replacement occurs in specific locations, the underlying molecular changes remain poorly characterized. Here we aim to delineate local changes in gene expression to help identify new genes or pathways that are relevant for specific remodelling processes occurring during ACM. Methods and Results Using Tomo-Seq, a genome-wide transcriptional profiling with high spatial resolution, we created a transmural epicardial to endocardial gene expression atlas of an explanted ACM heart to gain molecular insights into disease-driving processes. This enabled us to link gene expression profiles to the different regional remodelling responses and allowed us to identify genes that are potentially relevant for disease progression. In doing we revealed BTB (broad-complex, tramtrack, bric-à-brac) domain containing 11 (ZBTB11) to be specifically enriched at sites of active fibrofatty replacement of myocardium. Immunohistochemistry indicated ZBTB11 to be enriched in cardiomyocytes flanking fibrofatty areas, which could be confirmed in multiple cardiomyopathy patients. Forced overexpression of ZBTB11 in iPS-derived cardiomyocytes showed ZBTB11 to function as a potent inducer of cardiomyocyte atrophy. Conclusion By combining spatial transcriptomics with classical histological approaches we identified gene expression changes underlying local remodelling responses in ACM. In doing so we found ZBTB11 to function as a relevant driver of cardiomyocyte atrophy. These data show the power of Tomo-Seq to unveil new molecular mechanisms and indicate ZBTB11 as a potential new target for cardiomyopathy.

2021-05-22 | GSE114770 | GEO

Transcription factor binding in human cells occurs in dense clusters formed around cohesin anchor sites [Validation Set]

Project description:During cell division, transcription factors (TFs) are removed from chromatin twice, during DNA synthesis, and during condensation of chromosomes. How TFs can efficiently find their sites following these stages has been unclear. Here, we have analyzed the binding pattern of expressed TFs in human colorectal cancer cells. We find that binding of TFs is highly clustered, and that the clusters are enriched in binding motifs for several major TF classes. Strikingly, almost all clusters are formed around cohesin, and loss of cohesin decreases both DNA accessibility and binding of TFs to clusters. We show that cohesin remains bound in S phase, holding the nascent sister chromatids together at the TF cluster sites. Furthermore, cohesin remains bound to the cluster sites when TFs are evicted in early M-phase. These results suggest that cohesin binding functions as a cellular memory that promotes re- stablishment of TF clusters after DNA replication and chromatin condensation. Examination of TF binding by ChIP-seq in a CRC cell-line.

2013-09-25 | E-GEOD-51142 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Transcription factor binding in human cells occurs in dense clusters formed around cohesin anchor sites

2013-08-15 | E-GEOD-49402 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression data from wild type and ttk^twk mutant whole ovaries

Project description:Epithelial tube morphogenesis requires precise orchestration of cell signaling, shape, migration, and adhesion. Follicle cells in the Drosophila ovary form epithelial tubes, the lumens of which act as molds for the eggshell respiratory filaments, or dorsal appendages (DAs). The Tramtrack69 (TTK69) transcription factor controls DA lumen volume and shape by promoting tube expansion; the tramtrack mutation twin peaks (ttk^twk) reduces TTK69 levels late in oogenesis, inhibiting DA tube expansion. We used microarrays to identify differentially expressed genes in the ttk^twk mutant that are downstream of TTK69 and that play a functional role in DA tube expansion.

2012-12-06 | GSE42758 | GEO

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