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NFkB Signaling is Required for Xist RNA Localization at the Inactive X and for X-Chromosome Inactivation Maintenance Following T cell Activation [CUT&RUN]

ABSTRACT: X Chromosome Inactivation (XCI) is a female-specific process which balances X-linked gene dosage between sexes. Unstimulated T cells lack cytological enrichment of Xist RNA and heterochromatic modifications on the inactive X chromosome (Xi), and these modifications become enriched at the Xi after cell stimulation. Here, we examined allele-specific gene expression and epigenomic profiling of the Xi following T cell stimulation. We found that the Xi in unstimulated T cells is dosage compensated, and is enriched with the repressive H3K27me3 modification, but not H2AK119-ubiquitin (Ub) mark, including at promoters of XCI escape genes. Upon CD3/CD28 mediated T cell stimulation, the Xi accumulates H2AK119-Ub and H3K27me3 across the Xi. Next, we examined the T cell stimulation pathways responsible for Xist RNA localization to the Xi and found that T cell receptor (TCR) engagement, specifically NFkB signaling downstream of TCR, is required. Disruption of NFkB signaling, using inhibitors or genetic deletions, in mice and patients with immunodeficiencies prevents Xist/XIST RNA accumulation at the Xi and alters expression of some X-linked genes. Our findings reveal a novel connection between NFkB signaling pathways which impact XCI maintenance in female T cells.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE251879 | GEO | 2024/10/29

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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NFkB Signaling is Required for Xist RNA Localization at the Inactive X and for X-Chromosome Inactivation Maintenance Following T cell Activation [RNAseq_geneexpression]

Project description:X Chromosome Inactivation (XCI) is a female-specific process which balances X-linked gene dosage between sexes. Unstimulated T cells lack cytological enrichment of Xist RNA and heterochromatic modifications on the inactive X chromosome (Xi), and these modifications become enriched at the Xi after cell stimulation. Here, we examined allele-specific gene expression and epigenomic profiling of the Xi following T cell stimulation. We found that the Xi in unstimulated T cells is dosage compensated, and is enriched with the repressive H3K27me3 modification, but not H2AK119-ubiquitin (Ub) mark, including at promoters of XCI escape genes. Upon CD3/CD28 mediated T cell stimulation, the Xi accumulates H2AK119-Ub and H3K27me3 across the Xi. Next, we examined the T cell stimulation pathways responsible for Xist RNA localization to the Xi and found that T cell receptor (TCR) engagement, specifically NFkB signaling downstream of TCR, is required. Disruption of NFkB signaling, using inhibitors or genetic deletions, in mice and patients with immunodeficiencies prevents Xist/XIST RNA accumulation at the Xi and alters expression of some X-linked genes. Our findings reveal a novel connection between NFkB signaling pathways which impact XCI maintenance in female T cells.

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RNA-Seq analysis of murine splenic B cells with deletion of YY1

Project description:X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in female lymphocytes is uniquely regulated, as the inactive X (Xi) chromosome lacks localized Xist RNA and heterochromatin modifications. Epigenetic profiling reveals that Xist RNA is lost from the Xi at the pro-B cell stage and that additional heterochromatic modifications are gradually lost during B cell development. Activation of mature B cells restores Xist RNA and heterochromatin to the Xi in a dynamic two-step process that differs in timing and pattern, depending on the method of B cell stimulation. Finally, we find that DNA binding by YY1 maintains XCI in activated B cells, as ex-vivo YY1 deletion results in loss of Xi heterochromatin marks and up-regulation of X-linked genes. Ectopic expression of the YY1 zinc finger domain is sufficient for Xist RNA localization during B cell activation. Together, our results indicate that Xist RNA localization is critical for maintaining XCI in female lymphocytes, and that chromatin changes on the Xi during B cell development and the dynamic nature of YY1-dependent XCI maintenance in mature B cells predisposes X- linked immunity genes to reactivation.

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