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Interpretable deep learning reveals the sequence rules of Hippo signaling

ABSTRACT: How specific cells respond to signaling pathways is largely encoded in the DNA sequence. However, the sequence rules result from complex interactions between signaling and cell type-specific transcription factors and are considered intractable by traditional methods. Here, we leverage interpretable deep learning on high-resolution data and extensive validation experiments to identify the sequence rules for the Hippo pathway in mouse trophoblast stem cells. We show that Tead4 and Yap1 engage in two types of cooperativity. First, their binding is enhanced by cell type-specific transcription factors, including Tfap2c, in a distance-dependent manner. Second, a strictly-spaced Tead double motif is a canonical Hippo pathway element that mediates strong Tead4 cooperativity through transient protein-protein interactions on DNA. These mechanisms occur genome-wide and allow us to predict how small sequence changes alter the activity of enhancers in vivo. This illustrates the power of interpretable deep learning to decode canonical and cell type-specific sequence rules of signaling pathways. These super series include ChIP-nexus data for TF binding (Tead4, Yap1, Cdx2, Tfap2c, Gata3), H3K27ac Chip-seq, ATAC-seq, RNA-seq, and Nascent RNA captured through the TT-seq method in mouse trophoblast stem cells.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE252463 | GEO | 2025/01/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Interpretable deep learning reveals the sequence rules of Hippo signaling (RNA-Seq)

Project description:How specific cells respond to signaling pathways is largely encoded in the DNA sequence. However, the sequence rules result from complex interactions between signaling and cell-type-specific transcription factors and are considered intractable by traditional methods. Here, we leverage interpretable deep learning on high-resolution data and extensive validation experiments to identify the sequence rules for the Hippo pathway in mouse trophoblast stem cells. We show that Tead4 and Yap1 engage in two types of cooperativity. First, their binding is enhanced by cell-type-specific transcription factors, including Tfap2c, in a distance-dependent manner. Second, a strictly-spaced Tead double motif is a canonical Hippo pathway element that mediates strong Tead4 cooperativity through transient protein-protein interactions on DNA. These mechanisms occur genome-wide and allow us to predict how small sequence changes alter the activity of enhancers in vivo. This illustrates the power of interpretable deep learning to decode canonical and cell type-specific sequence rules of signaling pathways.

2025-01-31 | GSE252462 | GEO

Interpretable deep learning reveals the sequence rules of Hippo signaling (ChIP-Seq)

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Interpretable deep learning reveals the sequence rules of Hippo signaling (ATAC-Seq)

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A non-canonical role of YAP/TEAD is required for activation of estrogen-regulated enhancers in breast cancer [ChIP-seq]

Project description:Estrogen and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) signaling plays an essential role in ERα-positive breast cancer. ERα mainly occupies on distal enhancers within genome and requires the cooperation of additional co-factors to tune the enhancer activity. Through in vivo proximity-dependent labeling technique BioID, we identified YAP1 and TEAD4 protein as novel co-regulators of ERα. YAP and TEAD are nuclear effectors of the Hippo pathway regulating cell proliferation, organ size and tumorigenesis. Their non-canonical function as transcriptional co-regulators for other signals have been reported but remains under investigated. Our ChIP-seq data in both MCF7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines indicated that YAP1 and TEAD4 co-bind to the strongest estrogen-responsive ERα-bound enhancers, and their bindings are augmented upon E2 stimulation. Knockdown of YAP1 or TEAD4 showed a global effect on the induction of E2/ERα target genes as examined by RNA-seq, also on E2-induced oncogenic growth of ER-positive breast cancer cells. We used Global Run-on sequencing (GRO-seq) assays to test the expression of enhancer non-coding RNAs (eRNAs), which are sensitive markers for estrogen-induced enhancer activation. Our results supported our hypothesis that the recruitment YAP/TEAD to ERα-bound enhancers is required for enhancer activation. Further studies revealed that the binding of YAP1 on ERα enhancers is a prerequisite for the recruitment of the enhancer activation machinery component MED1. These findings indicate that ERα collaborates with YAP1 and TEAD4 to activate or maintain its enhancer activity. Our data reveals a non-canonical function of YAP1 and TEAD4, which is independent of their canonical target genes, in regulating cancer growth, highlighting the potential of YAP1 and TEAD4 as actionable drug targets for ERα-positive breast cancer.

2019-07-16 | GSE125594 | GEO

A non-canonical role of YAP/TEAD is required for activation of estrogen-regulated enhancers in breast cancer [GRO-seq]

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A non-canonical role of YAP/TEAD is required for activation of estrogen-regulated enhancers in breast cancer [RNA-seq]

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A splicing switch of TEAD4 regulates Hippo-YAP signaling pathway to inhibit tumor proliferation

Project description:Splicing dysregulations extensively occur in cancers, yet the biological consequences of such alterations are mostly undefined. Here we report that the Hippo-YAP signaling, a key pathway that regulates cell proliferation and organ size, is under control of a new splicing switch. We show that TEAD4, the transcription factor that mediates Hippo-YAP signaling, undergoes alternative splicing facilitated by the tumor suppressor RBM4, producing a truncated isoform, TEAD4-S, which lacks N-terminal DNA-binding domain but maintains YAP-interaction domain. TEAD4-S is located in both nucleus and cytoplasm, acting as a dominant negative isoform to YAP activity. Consistently, TEAD4-S is reduced in cancer cells, and its re-expression suppresses cancer cell proliferation and migration, inhibiting tumor growth in xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, TEAD4-S is reduced in human cancers, and patients with elevated TEAD4-S levels have improved survival. Altogether these data reveal a novel RBM4-mediated splicing switch that serves to fine-tune Hippo-YAP pathway. Cell lines stably expressing YAP, YAP/TEAD4-S, YAP/TEAD4-FL, YAP/RBM4 and control vector were created, and the total RNA was purified from the cells using TRIzol reagents. The polyadenylated RNAs were purified for construction of sequencing library using kapa TruSeq Total RNA Sample Prep kits (UNC High Throughput Sequencing Facility).

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RNA-Seq analysis in human trophoblast stem cells (CT27) upon depletion of Hippo signaling Component TAZ (WWTR1)

Project description:The hippo signaling cofactor TAZ (Also known as WWTR1) regulates expression of genes upon interaction with TEAD transcription factors. Among the TEAD transcription factors, TEAD4 is implicated in regulation of the self-renewal process of human trophoblast stem cells. However, we have a poor understanding about the contribution of TAZ, a co-factor of TEAD4, in that process. Thus, the goal of this study is to define the importance of TAZ in orchestrating global gene expression program in human trophoblast stem cells. Using a RNA interference strategy (RNAi), we depleted TAZ expression in human trophoblast stem cells and compared global gene expression patterns via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Three individual experiments were performed. The submitted files contain the data (raw fastq files, count data and deseq2 output) from those experiments.

2022-08-08 | GSE188738 | GEO

Gene expression profile of YAP1, TEAD1 and KLF5 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (SK-Hep1)

Project description:Hippo signaling pathway is pivotally involved in human cancer. Among the Hippo components, YAP1 is highly active while function of MST1,2 and SAV1 was lost in liver cancer. Based on systematic analysis, we identified KLF5 as YAP1 binding partner in silico. To investigate KLF5 in liver cancer, we performed the gene expression microarray after knocked down YAP1, TEAD1 and KLF5 in SK-Hep1 cell line. To identify the role of YAP1, TEAD1 and KLF5 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, we performed microarray after knocking down YAP1, TEAD1 and KLF5 in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (3 siLuc, 3 siYAP1, 3 siTEAD1, 3 siKLF5)

2013-12-31 | E-GEOD-32597 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Elf5-centered transcription factor hub controls trophoblast stem cell self-renewal and differentiation through stoichiometry-sensitive shifts in target gene networks

Project description:Elf5 is a transcription factor with pivotal roles in the trophoblast compartment where it reinforces a trophoblast stem cell (TSC)-specific transcriptional circuit. However, Elf5 is also present in differentiating trophoblast cells that have ceased to express other TSC genes such as Cdx2 and Eomes. In the current study we aimed to elucidate the context-dependent role of Elf5 at the interface between TSC self-renewal and onset of differentiation. We demonstrate that precise levels of Elf5 are critical for normal expansion of the TSC compartment and embryonic survival, as Elf5 overexpression triggers precocious trophoblast differentiation. Through integration of protein interactome, transcriptome and genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation data we reveal that this abundance-dependent function is mediated through a shift in preferred Elf5 binding partners; in TSCs, Elf5 interaction with Eomes recruits Tfap2c to triply occupied sites at TSC-specific genes driving their expression. By contrast, the Elf5 and Tfap2c interaction becomes predominant as their protein levels increase. This triggers binding to double and single occupancy sites that harbour the cognate Tfap2c motif, causing activation of the associated differentiation-promoting genes. These data place Elf5 at the centre of a stoichiometry-sensitive transcriptional network where it acts as molecular switch governing the balance between TSC proliferation and differentiation.

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