Similar Datasets
Project description:Macrophages can adjust their phenotype and function in response to environmental cues, such as encountering apoptotic cells or pathogens. After tissue injury or inflammation, macrophages must successively engulf and process multiple apoptotic corpses (via efferocytosis) to achieve tissue homeostasis. How macrophages may rapidly adapt their transcription to achieve continued corpse uptake is incompletely understood. Transcriptional pause/release is an evolutionarily conserved process wherein RNA polymerase II (Pol II), after initiating transcription for 20-60 nucleotides, gets ‘paused’ for seconds to hours; paused Pol II then gets ‘released’ to complete transcription to make full-length mRNA. Here we show that macrophages, within minutes of corpse encounter, use transcriptional pause/release as a mechanism to unleash a rapid transcriptional response. For human and murine macrophages, the Pol II pause/release was crucial for continued efferocytosis of corpses in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, blocking Pol II pause/release did not impede FcR-mediated phagocytosis, yeast uptake, or bacterial phagocytosis. Integrating data from three complementary genomic approaches of PRO-seq, RNA-seq, and ATAC-seq on efferocytic macrophages at different time points, we found that Pol II pause/release controls expression of select transcription factors and downstream target genes. Further mechanistic studies on transcription factor Egr3, one of the genes prominently affected by pause/release, uncovered Egr3-related reprogramming of macrophage genes involved in cytoskeleton and corpse processing. Via lysosomal probes and a newly designed genetic fluorescent reporter, we identify a key role for pause/release in phagosome acidification during efferocytosis. Further, microglia from egr3-deficient zebrafish embryos displayed reduced phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons and fewer maturing endosomes, supporting a defect in corpse processing. Collectively, these data advance a novel concept that macrophages use Polymerase II pause/release as a mechanism to rapidly alter their transcriptional programs for efficient processing of the ingested apoptotic corpse and for successive efferocytosis.
2024-01-25 | GSE253574 | GEO
Project description:Macrophages can adjust their phenotype and function in response to environmental cues, such as encountering apoptotic cells or pathogens. After tissue injury or inflammation, macrophages must successively engulf and process multiple apoptotic corpses (via efferocytosis) to achieve tissue homeostasis. How macrophages may rapidly adapt their transcription to achieve continued corpse uptake is incompletely understood. Transcriptional pause/release is an evolutionarily conserved process wherein RNA polymerase II (Pol II), after initiating transcription for 20-60 nucleotides, gets ‘paused’ for seconds to hours; paused Pol II then gets ‘released’ to complete transcription to make full-length mRNA. Here we show that macrophages, within minutes of corpse encounter, use transcriptional pause/release as a mechanism to unleash a rapid transcriptional response. For human and murine macrophages, the Pol II pause/release was crucial for continued efferocytosis of corpses in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, blocking Pol II pause/release did not impede FcR-mediated phagocytosis, yeast uptake, or bacterial phagocytosis. Integrating data from three complementary genomic approaches of PRO-seq, RNA-seq, and ATAC-seq on efferocytic macrophages at different time points, we found that Pol II pause/release controls expression of select transcription factors and downstream target genes. Further mechanistic studies on transcription factor Egr3, one of the genes prominently affected by pause/release, uncovered Egr3-related reprogramming of macrophage genes involved in cytoskeleton and corpse processing. Via lysosomal probes and a newly designed genetic fluorescent reporter, we identify a key role for pause/release in phagosome acidification during efferocytosis. Further, microglia from egr3-deficient zebrafish embryos displayed reduced phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons and fewer maturing endosomes, supporting a defect in corpse processing. Collectively, these data advance a novel concept that macrophages use Polymerase II pause/release as a mechanism to rapidly alter their transcriptional programs for efficient processing of the ingested apoptotic corpse and for successive efferocytosis.
2024-01-25 | GSE253577 | GEO
Project description:Macrophages can adjust their phenotype and function in response to environmental cues, such as encountering apoptotic cells or pathogens. After tissue injury or inflammation, macrophages must successively engulf and process multiple apoptotic corpses (via efferocytosis) to achieve tissue homeostasis. How macrophages may rapidly adapt their transcription to achieve continued corpse uptake is incompletely understood. Transcriptional pause/release is an evolutionarily conserved process wherein RNA polymerase II (Pol II), after initiating transcription for 20-60 nucleotides, gets ‘paused’ for seconds to hours; paused Pol II then gets ‘released’ to complete transcription to make full-length mRNA. Here we show that macrophages, within minutes of corpse encounter, use transcriptional pause/release as a mechanism to unleash a rapid transcriptional response. For human and murine macrophages, the Pol II pause/release was crucial for continued efferocytosis of corpses in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, blocking Pol II pause/release did not impede FcR-mediated phagocytosis, yeast uptake, or bacterial phagocytosis. Integrating data from three complementary genomic approaches of PRO-seq, RNA-seq, and ATAC-seq on efferocytic macrophages at different time points, we found that Pol II pause/release controls expression of select transcription factors and downstream target genes. Further mechanistic studies on transcription factor Egr3, one of the genes prominently affected by pause/release, uncovered Egr3-related reprogramming of macrophage genes involved in cytoskeleton and corpse processing. Via lysosomal probes and a newly designed genetic fluorescent reporter, we identify a key role for pause/release in phagosome acidification during efferocytosis. Further, microglia from egr3-deficient zebrafish embryos displayed reduced phagocytosis of apoptotic neurons and fewer maturing endosomes, supporting a defect in corpse processing. Collectively, these data advance a novel concept that macrophages use Polymerase II pause/release as a mechanism to rapidly alter their transcriptional programs for efficient processing of the ingested apoptotic corpse and for successive efferocytosis.
2024-01-25 | GSE253576 | GEO
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
2022-08-09 | GSE202190 | GEO
Project description:Recruitment of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) transcription initiation apparatus to promoters by specific DNA-binding transcription factors is well recognized as a key regulatory step in gene expression. We report here that promoter-proximal pausing is a general feature of transcription by Pol II in mammalian cells and thus an additional step where regulation of gene expression occurs. This suggests that some transcription factors recruit the transcription apparatus to promoters, whereas others effect promoter-proximal pause release. Indeed, we find that the transcription factor c-Myc, a key regulator of cellular proliferation, plays a major role in Pol II pause release rather than Pol II recruitment at its target genes. We discuss the implications of these results for the role of c-Myc amplification in human cancer.
| S-EPMC2864022 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In vitro studies identified various factors including P-TEFb, SEC, SPT6, PAF1, DSIF, and NELF functioning at different stages of transcription elongation driven by RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II). What remains unclear is how these factors cooperatively regulate pause/release and productive elongation in the context of living cells. Using an acute 5 protein-depletion approach, prominent release and a subsequent increase in mature transcripts, whereas long genes fail to yield mature transcripts due to a loss of processivity. Mechanistically, loss of SPT6 results in loss of PAF1 complex (PAF1C) from RNA Pol II, leading to NELF-bound RNA Pol II release into the gene bodies. Furthermore, SPT6 and/or PAF1 depletion impairs heat shock-induced pausing, pointing to a role for SPT6 in regulating RNA Pol II pause/release through the recruitment of PAF1C during the early elongation.
2022-08-09 | PXD033771 | Pride
Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. Refer to individual Series
2013-08-06 | E-GEOD-48112 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Distal enhancers characterized by the H3K4me(1) mark play critical roles in developmental and transcriptional programs. However, potential roles of specific distal regulatory elements in regulating RNA polymerase II (Pol II) promoter-proximal pause release remain poorly investigated. Here, we report that a unique cohort of jumonji C-domain-containing protein 6 (JMJD6) and bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) cobound distal enhancers, termed anti-pause enhancers (A-PEs), regulate promoter-proximal pause release of a large subset of transcription units via long-range interactions. Brd4-dependent JMJD6 recruitment on A-PEs mediates erasure of H4R3me(2(s)), which is directly read by 7SK snRNA, and decapping/demethylation of 7SK snRNA, ensuring the dismissal of the 7SK snRNA/HEXIM inhibitory complex. The interactions of both JMJD6 and Brd4 with the P-TEFb complex permit its activation and pause release of regulated coding genes. The functions of JMJD6/ Brd4-associated dual histone and RNA demethylase activity on anti-pause enhancers have intriguing implications for these proteins in development, homeostasis, and disease.
| S-EPMC3886918 | biostudies-literature
Project description:In unicellular organisms, initiation is the rate-limiting step in transcription; in metazoan organisms, the transition from initiation to productive elongation is also important. Here, we show that the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-associated multiprotein complex, Integrator, plays a critical role in both initiation and the release of paused RNAPII at immediate early genes (IEGs) following transcriptional activation by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in human cells. Integrator is recruited to the IEGs in a signal-dependent manner and is required to engage and recruit the super elongation complex (SEC) to EGF-responsive genes to allow release of paused RNAPII and productive transcription elongation.
| S-EPMC4292851 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Heart failure (HF) is driven by the interplay between regulatory transcription factors and dynamic alterations in chromatin structure. Pathologic gene transactivation in HF is associated with recruitment of histone acetyl-transferases and local chromatin hyperacetylation. We therefore assessed the role of acetyl-lysine reader proteins, or bromodomains, in HF. Using a chemical genetic approach, we establish a central role for BET family bromodomain proteins in gene control during HF pathogenesis. BET inhibition potently suppresses cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro and pathologic cardiac remodeling in vivo. Integrative transcriptional and epigenomic analyses reveal that BET proteins function mechanistically as pause-release factors critical to expression of genes that are central to HF pathogenesis and relevant to the pathobiology of failing human hearts. This study implicates epigenetic readers as essential effectors of transcriptional pause release during HF pathogenesis and identifies BET coactivator proteins as therapeutic targets in the heart.
| S-EPMC4090947 | biostudies-literature