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Alzheimer’s disease-linked risk alleles elevate microglial cGAS-associated senescence and neurodegeneration in a tauopathy model [snRNAseq]

ABSTRACT: The strongest risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) include the 4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE), the R47H variant of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), and female sex. Here, we combine APOE4 and TREM2R47H (R47H) in female P301S tauopathy mice to identify the pathways activated when AD risk is the strongest, thereby highlighting disease-causing mechanisms. We find that the R47H variant induces neurodegeneration in female APOE4 mice without impacting hippocampal tau load. The combination of APOE4 and R47H amplified tauopathy-induced cell-autonomous microglial cGAS-STING signaling and type-I interferon response, and interferon signaling converged across glial cell types in the hippocampus. APOE4-R47H microglia displayed cGAS- and BAX-dependent upregulation of senescence, showing association between neurotoxic signatures and implicating mitochondrial permeabilization in pathogenesis. By uncovering pathways enhanced by the strongest AD risk factors, our study points to cGAS-STING signaling and associated microglial senescence as potential drivers of AD risk.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE254104 | GEO | 2024/08/21

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Alzheimer’s disease-linked risk alleles elevate microglial cGAS-associated senescence and neurodegeneration in a tauopathy model

Project description:The strongest risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) include the 4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE), the R47H variant of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), and female sex. Here, we combine APOE4 and TREM2R47H (R47H) in female P301S tauopathy mice to identify the pathways activated when AD risk is the strongest, thereby highlighting detrimental disease mechanisms. We find that the R47H variant induces neurodegeneration in 9- to- 10-month-old female APOE4 tauopathy mice. The combination of APOE4 and R47H (APOE4-R47H) worsened hyperphosphorylated tau pathology in the frontal cortex and amplified tauopathy-induced cell-autonomous microglial cGAS-STING signaling and downstream interferon response. APOE4-R47H microglia displayed cGAS- and BAX-dependent upregulation of senescence, showing association between neurotoxic signatures and implicating mitochondrial permeabilization in pathogenesis. By uncovering pathways enhanced by the strongest AD risk factors, our study points to cGAS-STING signaling and associated microglial senescence as potential drivers of AD risk.

2024-08-22 | PXD053544 | Pride

Alzheimer’s disease-linked risk alleles elevate microglial cGAS-associated senescence and neurodegeneration in a tauopathy model [bulk_RNAseq]

Project description:The strongest risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) include the 4 allele of apolipoprotein E (APOE), the R47H variant of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), and female sex. Here, we combine APOE4 and TREM2R47H (R47H) in female P301S tauopathy mice to identify the pathways activated when AD risk is the strongest, thereby highlighting disease-causing mechanisms. We find that the R47H variant induces neurodegeneration in female APOE4 mice without impacting hippocampal tau load. The combination of APOE4 and R47H amplified tauopathy-induced cell-autonomous microglial cGAS-STING signaling and type-I interferon response, and interferon signaling converged across glial cell types in the hippocampus. APOE4-R47H microglia displayed cGAS- and BAX-dependent upregulation of senescence, showing association between neurotoxic signatures and implicating mitochondrial permeabilization in pathogenesis. By uncovering pathways enhanced by the strongest AD risk factors, our study points to cGAS-STING signaling and associated microglial senescence as potential drivers of AD risk.

2024-08-21 | GSE254103 | GEO

AD-linked R47H-TREM2 mutation induces disease-enhancing microglial states via AKT hyperactivation

Project description:The hemizygous R47H variant of TREM2, a microglia-specific gene in the brain, increases risk for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using transcriptomic analysis at the single-nuclei level from brain tissue of AD patients with the R47H mutation or the common variant (CV)-TREM2, we found that R47H-associated microglial subpopulations had enhanced inflammatory signatures reminiscent of previously-identified disease-associated microglia (DAM) and hyperactivation of AKT, one of the signaling pathways downstream of TREM2. We established a tauopathy mouse model with heterozygous knock-in of the human TREM2 with R47H mutation or CV, and found that R47H induced and exacerbated tau-mediated spatial memory deficits in female mice. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of microglia from these mice also revealed transcriptomic changes induced by R47H that had significant overlaps with R47H microglia in human AD brains, including robust increases in proinflammatory cytokines, activation of Akt signaling, and elevation of a subset of disease-associated microglial signatures. Pharmacological Akt inhibition with MK-2206 largely reversed the enhanced inflammatory signatures in primary R47H microglia treated with tau fibrils. Strikingly, in R47H heterozygous tauopathy mice, MK-2206 treatment abolished a tauopathy-dependent microglial subcluster, and rescued tauopathy-induced synapse loss. By uncovering disease-enhancing mechanisms of the R47H mutation conserved in human and mouse, our study supports inhibitors of AKT signaling as a novel microglial modulating strategy to treat AD.

2021-12-06 | GSE140670 | GEO

AD-linked R47H-TREM2 mutation induces disease-enhancing microglial states via AKT hyperactivation

2021-12-06 | GSE136389 | GEO

AD-linked R47H-TREM2 mutation induces disease-enhancing microglial states in via Akt hyperactivation

Project description:The hemizygous R47H variant of TREM2, a microglia-specific gene in the brain, increases risk for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we identified a subpopulation of microglia with disease-enhancing proinflammatory signatures associated with the R47H mutation in human AD brains and tauopathy mouse brains. Using transcriptomic analysis at the single-nuclei level from AD patients with the R47H or the common variant (CV)-TREM2 with matched sex, pathology and clinical dementia status, we found that the R47H mutation was associated with cell type- and sex-specific transcriptional changes in human AD brains. Further characterization of microglia revealed that R47H-associated microglial subpopulations had enhanced inflammatory signatures reminiscent of previously-identified disease-associated microglia (DAM) and hyperactivation of AKT, one of the signaling pathways downstream of TREM2. In a newly-generated tauopathy knock-in mouse model expressing one allele of human TREM2 (hTREM2) with either the R47H mutation or CV, R47H induced and exacerbated tau-mediated spatial memory deficits in female mice. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of microglia from these mice also revealed transcriptomic changes induced by R47H that had significant overlaps with R47H microglia in human AD brains, including robust increases in proinflammatory cytokines, activation of Akt-signaling, and elevation of a subset of disease-associated microglial signatures. Strikingly, pharmacological Akt inhibition largely reversed the enhanced inflammatory signatures induced by R47H in primary microglia treated with tau fibrils as well as rescued the tauopathy-induced synapse loss in R47H heterozygous mice. By unraveling the disease-enhancing properties of the R47H mutation in mouse and human, our findings shed light on an immune-linked AD subtype and provide new directions for modulating microglial immune responses to treat AD.

2021-08-18 | GSE181903 | GEO

Neuronal APOE4 removal strongly protects against Tau-mediated gliosis, neurodegeneration, and myelin deficits

Project description:Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is the strongest known genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Conditions of stress or injury induce APOE expression within neurons, but the exact roles of neuronal APOE4 in AD pathogenesis are still unclear. Here we report a rigorous characterization of neuronal APOE4 effects on prominent AD-related pathologies by selectively removing APOE4 from neurons in an APOE4-expressing tauopathy mouse model. We found that the removal of neuronal APOE4 led to a drastic reduction in Tau pathology accumulation and spread, gliosis, neurodegeneration, neurodysfunction, and myelin deficits in this tauopathy mouse model. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing revealed that the removal of neuronal APOE4 greatly diminished neurodegenerative disease-associated subpopulations of neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia that were enriched in APOE4-expressing tauopathy mice and whose accumulation correlated to the severity of Tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and myelin deficits. Thus, neuronal APOE4 plays a central role in promoting the development of major AD pathologies and its removal can effectively combat APOE4-driven effects in AD and other tauopathies.

2023-01-06 | GSE221215 | GEO

Sex-dependent APOE4 Neutrophil-microglia interactions drive cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's Disease

Project description:APOE4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) with increased odds ratios in females. Targeting amyloid plaques show modest improvement in male non-APOE4 carriers. Leveraging single cell transcriptomics across APOE variants in both sexes, multiplex flow cytometry and validation in two independent cohorts of APOE4 female AD patients, we identify a new subset of neutrophils, interacting with microglia associated with cognitive impairment. This phenotype is defined by increased IL-17 and IL-1 co-expressed gene modules in blood neutrophils and in microglia of cognitively impaired female APOE e4 carriers, showing increased infiltration to the AD brain. APOE4 female IL-17+ neutrophils upregulated the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGFb, and immune checkpoints including LAG-3 and PD-1, associated with accelerated immune aging. Deletion of APOE4 in neutrophils reduced this immunosuppressive phenotype and restored microglial response to neurodegeneration (MGnD), limiting plaque pathology in AD mice. Mechanistically, IL-17F upregulated in APOE4 neutrophils interacts with microglial IL-17RA to suppress the induction of MGnD phenotype, and blocking this axis supported cognitive improvement in AD mice. These findings provide a translational basis to target IL-17F in APOE e4 female carriers with cognitive impairment.

2024-06-04 | GSE262632 | GEO

SEX-DEPENDENT APOE4 NEUTROPHIL-MICROGLIA INTERACTIONS DRIVE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE [Mouse_Neutro_Spleen_APOE3_4]

Project description:APOE4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) with increased odds ratios in females. Targeting amyloid plaques show modest improvement in male non-APOE4 carriers. Leveraging transcriptomics across APOE variants in both sexes, multiplex flow cytometry and validation in two independent cohorts of APOE4 female AD patients, we identify a new subset of neutrophils associated with cognitive impairment. This phenotype is defined by increased IL-17 and IL-1 co-expressed gene modules in blood neutrophils of cognitively impaired female APOE e4 carriers, showing increased infiltration to the AD brain. APOE4 female IL-17+ neutrophils upregulated the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGFb, and immune checkpoints including LAG-3 and PD-1, associated with accelerated immune aging. Deletion of APOE4 in neutrophils reduced this immunosuppressive phenotype and restored microglial response to neurodegeneration (MGnD), limiting plaque pathology in AD mice. Mechanistically, IL-17Fupregulated in APOE4 neutrophils interacts with microglial IL-17RA to suppress the induction of MGnD phenotype, and blocking this axis supported cognitive improvement in AD mice. These findings provide a translational basis to target IL-17F in APOE e4 female carriers with cognitive impairment.

2024-06-04 | GSE243748 | GEO

SEX-DEPENDENT APOE4 NEUTROPHIL-MICROGLIA INTERACTIONS DRIVE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE [Mouse_Microglia_APOE3_4]

Project description:APOE4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) with increased odds ratios in females. Targeting amyloid plaques show modest improvement in male non-APOE4 carriers. Leveraging transcriptomics across APOE variants in both sexes, multiplex flow cytometry and validation in two independent cohorts of APOE4 female AD patients, we identify a new subset of neutrophils associated with cognitive impairment. This phenotype is defined by increased IL-17 and IL-1 co-expressed gene modules in blood neutrophils of cognitively impaired female APOE e4 carriers, showing increased infiltration to the AD brain. APOE4 female IL-17+ neutrophils upregulated the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGFb, and immune checkpoints including LAG-3 and PD-1, associated with accelerated immune aging. Deletion of APOE4 in neutrophils reduced this immunosuppressive phenotype and restored microglial response to neurodegeneration (MGnD), limiting plaque pathology in AD mice. Mechanistically, IL-17Fupregulated in APOE4 neutrophils interacts with microglial IL-17RA to suppress the induction of MGnD phenotype, and blocking this axis supported cognitive improvement in AD mice. These findings provide a translational basis to target IL-17F in APOE e4 female carriers with cognitive impairment.

2024-06-04 | GSE243747 | GEO

SEX-DEPENDENT APOE4 NEUTROPHIL-MICROGLIA INTERACTIONS DRIVE COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE [Microglia_IL17RA]

Project description:APOE4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) with increased odds ratios in females. Targeting amyloid plaques show modest improvement in male non-APOE4 carriers. Leveraging transcriptomics across APOE variants in both sexes, multiplex flow cytometry and validation in two independent cohorts of APOE4 female AD patients, we identify a new subset of neutrophils associated with cognitive impairment. This phenotype is defined by increased IL-17 and IL-1 co-expressed gene modules in blood neutrophils of cognitively impaired female APOE e4 carriers, showing increased infiltration to the AD brain. APOE4 female IL-17+ neutrophils upregulated the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-10 and TGFb, and immune checkpoints including LAG-3 and PD-1, associated with accelerated immune aging. Deletion of APOE4 in neutrophils reduced this immunosuppressive phenotype and restored microglial response to neurodegeneration (MGnD), limiting plaque pathology in AD mice. Mechanistically, IL-17Fupregulated in APOE4 neutrophils interacts with microglial IL-17RA to suppress the induction of MGnD phenotype, and blocking this axis supported cognitive improvement in AD mice. These findings provide a translational basis to target IL-17F in APOE e4 female carriers with cognitive impairment.

2024-06-04 | GSE243746 | GEO

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