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Centromeric chromatin in mitosis reorganizes into a functional structure stabilized by cohesin

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Gallus gallus

PROVIDER: GSE254182 | GEO | 2024/04/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Centromeric chromatin in mitosis reorganizes into a functional structure stabilized by cohesin [NG-Capture-C]

Project description:Three-dimensional organization of mitotic chromosomes is established by cohesin and condensin complexes. In the centromere, cohesin maintains sister chromatid pairing until anaphase onset, while condensin provides elastic resistance to spindle forces. However, how condensin and cohesin structure vertebrate centromeres remains unclear. By super-resolution imaging, Capture-C analysis and polymer modeling we show that vertebrate centromeres are partitioned into two condensin-dependent subdomains during mitosis. This bipartite sub-structure is found in human, mouse and chicken centromeres, and is therefore a fundamental feature of vertebrate centromere. Super-resolution imaging and electron tomography reveal that bipartite centromeres assemble bipartite kinetochores with each subdomain capable of binding a distinct microtubule bundle. Cohesin helps to link the centromere subdomains, limiting their separation in response to spindle forces and preventing merotelic attachments. The two-domain structure described here may have implications for avoiding chromosomal instability as uncoupling of centromere subdomains is a common feature of lagging chromosomes in cancer cells.

2024-04-01 | GSE254659 | GEO

Centromeric chromatin in mitosis reorganizes into a functional structure stabilized by cohesin [CENPA-ChIP-seq]

2024-04-01 | GSE254181 | GEO

Centromeric chromatin in mitosis reorganizes into a functional structure stabilized by cohesin [Halo-ChIP-seq]

2024-04-01 | GSE254180 | GEO

Centromeric chromatin in mitosis reorganizes into a functional structure stabilized by cohesin

Project description:Centromeric chromatin in mitosis reorganizes into a functional structure stabilized by cohesin

| PRJNA1068944 | ENA

Centromeric chromatin in mitosis reorganizes into a functional structure stabilized by cohesin [CENPA-ChIP-seq]

Project description:Centromeric chromatin in mitosis reorganizes into a functional structure stabilized by cohesin [CENPA-ChIP-seq]

| PRJNA1068948 | ENA

Centromeric chromatin in mitosis reorganizes into a functional structure stabilized by cohesin [Halo-ChIP-seq]

Project description:Centromeric chromatin in mitosis reorganizes into a functional structure stabilized by cohesin [Halo-ChIP-seq]

| PRJNA1068949 | ENA

Centromeric chromatin in mitosis reorganizes into a functional structure stabilized by cohesin [NG-Capture-C]

Project description:Centromeric chromatin in mitosis reorganizes into a functional structure stabilized by cohesin [NG-Capture-C]

| PRJNA1071267 | ENA

Assembly of Drosophila centromeric chromatin proteins during mitosis.

Project description:Semi-conservative segregation of nucleosomes to sister chromatids during DNA replication creates gaps that must be filled by new nucleosome assembly. We analyzed the cell-cycle timing of centromeric chromatin assembly in Drosophila, which contains the H3 variant CID (CENP-A in humans), as well as CENP-C and CAL1, which are required for CID localization. Pulse-chase experiments show that CID and CENP-C levels decrease by 50% at each cell division, as predicted for semi-conservative segregation and inheritance, whereas CAL1 displays higher turnover. Quench-chase-pulse experiments demonstrate that there is a significant lag between replication and replenishment of centromeric chromatin. Surprisingly, new CID is recruited to centromeres in metaphase, by a mechanism that does not require an intact mitotic spindle, but does require proteasome activity. Interestingly, new CAL1 is recruited to centromeres before CID in prophase. Furthermore, CAL1, but not CENP-C, is found in complex with pre-nucleosomal CID. Finally, CENP-C displays yet a different pattern of incorporation, during both interphase and mitosis. The unusual timing of CID recruitment and unique dynamics of CAL1 identify a distinct centromere assembly pathway in Drosophila and suggest that CAL1 is a key regulator of centromere propagation.

| S-EPMC3093364 | biostudies-literature

CTCF and transcription orchestrate chromatin structure re-configuration after mitosis

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

2021-06-17 | GSE168251 | GEO

Phosphorylation-enabled binding of SGO1-PP2A to cohesin protects sororin and centromeric cohesion during mitosis.

Project description:Timely dissolution of sister-chromatid cohesion in mitosis ensures accurate chromosome segregation to guard against aneuploidy and tumorigenesis. The complex of shugoshin and protein phosphatase 2A (SGO1-PP2A) protects cohesin at centromeres from premature removal by mitotic kinases and WAPL in prophase. Here we address the regulation and mechanism of human SGO1 in centromeric cohesion protection, and show that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-mediated, mitosis-specific phosphorylation of SGO1 activates its cohesion-protection function and enables its direct binding to cohesin. The phospho-SGO1-bound cohesin complex contains PP2A, PDS5 and hypophosphorylated sororin, but lacks WAPL. Expression of non-phosphorylatable sororin bypasses the requirement for SGO1-PP2A in centromeric cohesion. Thus, mitotic phosphorylation of SGO1 targets SGO1-PP2A to cohesin, promotes dephosphorylation of PDS5-bound sororin and protects centromeric cohesin from WAPL. PP2A-orchestrated, site-selective dephosphorylation of cohesin and its regulators underlies centromeric cohesion protection.

| S-EPMC3531828 | biostudies-literature

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