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Opposing regulation of the STING pathway in hepatic stellate cells by NBR1 and p62 determines the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma [Quantseq]

ABSTRACT: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) emerges from chronic inflammation to which activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) contributes by shaping a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. Key to this process is p62, whose inactivation leads to enhanced hepatocarcinogenesis. Here, we show that while p62 positively regulates STING ubiquitination by TRIM32 by displacing NBR1, which results in the activation of the interferon (IFN) cascade, NBR1 prevents TRIM32 interaction with and the activation of STING, leading to impaired IFN synthesis. NBR1 also antagonizes STING function by promoting its trafficking from the Golgi to the endosome-lysosomal degradative cascade independent of autophagy. Importantly, NBR1 deletion completely reverts the tumor-promoting function of p62-deficient HSCs. The upregulation of the STING-IFN pathway by NBR1 deficiency enhances the anti-tumor response mediated by CD8+ T cells. These results identify NBR1 as a synthetic vulnerability of p62-deficiency in HSCs. NBR1 loss, by promoting the STING/IFN pathway, boosts anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses to restrain HCC.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE254277 | GEO | 2024/10/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Opposing regulation of the STING pathway in hepatic stellate cells by NBR1 and p62 determines the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma [RNAseq]

Project description:Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) emerges from chronic inflammation to which activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) contributes by shaping a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. Key to this process is p62, whose inactivation leads to enhanced hepatocarcinogenesis. Here, we show that while p62 positively regulates STING ubiquitination by TRIM32 by displacing NBR1, which results in the activation of the interferon (IFN) cascade, NBR1 prevents TRIM32 interaction with and the activation of STING, leading to impaired IFN synthesis. NBR1 also antagonizes STING function by promoting its trafficking from the Golgi to the endosome-lysosomal degradative cascade independent of autophagy. Importantly, NBR1 deletion completely reverts the tumor-promoting function of p62-deficient HSCs. The upregulation of the STING-IFN pathway by NBR1 deficiency enhances the anti-tumor response mediated by CD8+ T cells. These results identify NBR1 as a synthetic vulnerability of p62-deficiency in HSCs. NBR1 loss, by promoting the STING/IFN pathway, boosts anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses to restrain HCC.

2024-10-22 | GSE254276 | GEO

CK1α suppresses autoimmunity by restraining the cGAS-STING signaling

Project description:Stimulator of interferon genes (STING), the central hub protein of the cGAS-STING signaling, is essential for type I IFN production of innate immunity. However, prolonged or excessive activation of STING is highly related to autoimmune diseases, most of which exhibit the hallmark of elevated expression of type I interferons and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Thus, the activity of STING must be stringently controlled to maintain immune homeostasis. Here, we reported that CK1α, a protein serine/threonine kinase, was essential to prevent the over-activation of STING-mediated type I IFN signaling through autophagic degradation of STING. Mechanistically, CK1α interacted with STING upon the cGAS-STING pathway activation and promoted STING autophagic degradation by enhancing the phosphorylation of p62 at serine 349, which was critical for p62 mediated STING autophagic degradation. Consistently, SSTC3, a selective CK1α agonist, significantly attenuated the response of the cGAS-STING signaling by promoting STING autophagic degradation. Importantly, pharmaceutical activation of CK1α using SSTC3 markedly repressed the systemic autoinflammatory responses in the Trex1-/- mouse autoimmune disease model and effectively suppressed the production of IFNs and ISGs in the PBMCs of SLE patients. Taken together, our study reveals a novel regulatory role of CK1α in the autophagic degradation of STING to maintain immune homeostasis. Manipulating CK1α through SSTC3 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating STING-mediated aberrant type I IFNs in autoimmune diseases.

2024-01-31 | GSE226593 | GEO

An HIV protein mediates immune evasion by targeting cGAS–STING signaling

Project description:The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) recognizes Y-form cDNA of HIV-1 and initiate the antiviral immune response through cGAS–STING–TBK1–IRF3–type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling cascade. HIV-1 uses several strategies to interfere with the host immune molecules and mediate immune evasion. However, the potential role of HIV-1 proteins in cGAS–STING signaling remains unclear. Here we report that the HIV-1 protein p6 suppresses HIV-1-stimulated expression of IFN-I and promotes the immune evasion. Mechanistically, p6 bound with STING and inhibited the activation of STING and the interaction between STING and TBK1. Moreover, the glutamylation of p6 at Glu6 residue inhibited the interaction between STING and TRIM32 or AMFR, which subsequently suppressed the K27- and K63-linked polyubiquitination of STING at Lys337, therefore inhibited STING activation and type I IFN production, while the mutation of Glu6 residue lost the inhibitory effect. However, CoCl2, an agonist for cytosolic carboxypeptidases (CCPs), counteracted the glutamylation of Glu6 residue of p6 and promoted IFN-I production to block the immune evasion of HIV-1. These findings not only reveal a previously unknown mechanism through which an HIV-1 protein mediate immune evasion, but also provide a new therapeutic drug candidate to treat HIV-1 infection.

2021-11-25 | GSE189384 | GEO

p62/SQSTM1 by binding to vitamin D receptor inhibits hepatic stellate cell activity, fibrosis and liver cancer

Project description:Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) play critical roles in liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Vitamin D receptor (VDR) activation in HSC inhibits liver inflammation and fibrosis. Here we show that p62/SQSTM1, a protein that is upregulated in liver parenchymal cells but downregulated in HCC-associated HSC, negatively regulates HSC activation. Total body or HSC-specific p62 ablation potentiates HSC activation and enhances inflammation, fibrosis and HCC progression. We demonstrate that p62 directly interacts with VDR and RXR promoting their heterodimerization, which is critical for VDR:RXR target genes recruitment. Loss of p62 in HSC impairs the repression of fibrosis and inflammation by VDR agonists. This demonstrates that p62 is a negative regulator of liver inflammation and fibrosis through its ability to promote VDR signaling in HSC, whose activation supports HCC development.

2016-11-23 | GSE78760 | GEO

PKCl/i inhibition activates an ULK2-mediated interferon response to repress tumorigenesis [ATAC-Seq]

Project description:The interferon (IFN) pathway is critical for cytotoxic T cell activation, which is central to tumor immunosurveillance and successful immunotherapy. We demonstrate here that PKCl/i inactivation results in the hyper-stimulation of the IFN cascade and the enhanced recruitment of CD8+ T cells that impaired the growth of intestinal tumors. PKCl/i directly phosphorylates and represses the activity of ULK2, promoting its degradation through an endosomal microautophagy-driven ubiquitin-dependent mechanism. Loss of PKCl/i results in increased levels of enzymatically active ULK2 that by direct phosphorylation activates TBK1 to foster the activation of the STING-mediated IFN response. PKCl/i inactivation also triggers autophagy that prevents STING degradation by chaperone-mediated autophagy. Thus, PKCl/i is a hub regulating the IFN pathway and three autophagic mechanisms that serve to maintain its homeostatic control. Importantly, single cell multiplex imaging and bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that low PKCl/i levels correlate with enhanced IFN signaling and good prognosis in colorectal cancer patients.

2021-09-23 | GSE180223 | GEO

PKCl/i inhibition activates an ULK2-mediated interferon response to repress tumorigenesis [RNA-Seq]

2021-09-23 | GSE180222 | GEO

p62, upregulated during preneoplasia, induces hepatocellular carcinogenesis by maintaining survival of stressed HCC-initiating cells

Project description:p62/SQSTM1 is a ubiquitin-binding autophagy receptor and signaling protein that accumulates in premalignant liver diseases and most hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Although p62 was proposed to participate in formation of benign adenomas in autophagy-deficient livers, its role in HCC initiation was not explored. Here we show that p62 is necessary and sufficient for HCC induction in mice and that its high expression level in non-tumor human liver predicts rapid HCC recurrence after curative ablation. High p62 expression is needed for activation of NRF2 and mTORC1, c-Myc induction and protection of HCC-initiating cells from oxidative stress-induced death.

2016-11-23 | GSE77323 | GEO

Differential gene regulation downstream of murine Tmem173 variants

Project description:We report positional cloning and characterization of a novel Sting allele that fails to activate IFN production in the wild-derived mice of MOLF/Ei strain in response to HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus) and Listeria monocytogenes both in vitro and in vivo. We show that previously uncharacterized mutations in the N-terminal of STING are responsible for low levels of IFN due to failure of MOLF STING to respond to cytosolic STING agonists such as 2â3âcGAMP, 5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA) or poly(deoxyadenylic-deoxythymidylic) acid (dAdT). Using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) for the analysis of DNA-responses in congenic C57BL6.StingMOLF/MOLF (MOLF STING) mouse macrophages, we show that these mutations in MOLF/Ei discriminate in responses between different STING agonists. Macrophages from C57BL6.StingB6/B6Â¬ (B6 STING), or B6 STING expressing littermates were stimulated as a positive control for STING activation, and STING -/- (STING KO) macrophages served as a negative control. To examine differential gene regulation downstream of murine Tmem173 (STING) allelic variants. We stimulated macrophages from B6 mice congenic for MOLF STING; macrophages from B6 STING expressing littermates were stimulated as a positive control for STING activation, and STING -/- (STING KO) macrophages served as a negative control. One replicate of RNA-seq reads after each stimulation provided. Conditions are peritoneal macrophages from B6 congenic mice expressing: B6 STING, MOLF STING, or STING KO stimulated with 2â3âcGAMP, 5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid (DMXAA), poly(deoxyadenylic-deoxythymidylic) acid (dAdT), or no treatment. This constitutes a total of 12 reads analyzed in this data set.

2016-07-05 | E-GEOD-68140 | biostudies-arrayexpress

ARF1 prevents aberrant type I IFN induction by regulating STING activation and recycling

Project description:Type I interferon (IFN) signalling is tightly controlled. Upon recognition of DNA by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), stimulator of interferon genes (STING) translocates along the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi axis to induce IFN signalling. Afterwards, signal termination is achieved through autophagic degradation of STING, or STING recycling by retrograde COPI-mediated transport. Here we identify the GTPase ARF1 as a negative regulator of cGAS-STING signaling. Heterozygous ARF1 missense mutations cause a novel type I interferonopathy associated with enhanced IFN stimulated gene production. Expression of patient-derived, GTPase-defective, ARF1 in cell lines and primary cells results in increased cGAS-STING dependent type I IFN signalling. Mechanistically, mutated ARF1 both induces activation of cGAS by aberrant mitochondrial DNA, and promotes accumulation of active STING at the Golgi/ERGIC due to defective COPI retrograde transport. Our data establish ARF1 as a key factor in cGAS-STING homeostasis, which is required to maintain mitochondrial integrity and promote STING recycling.

2022-06-23 | MSV000089711 | MassIVE

The noncanonical cGAS-STING-PERK pathway enables a selective translation program and underlies organ fibrosis [STING2]

Project description:Innate DNA sensing via the cGAS-STING pathway surveys both microbial invasion and cellular damage, constituting a ubiquitous mechanism for host defense and tissue homeostasis. However, very little is known about the signaling mechanism(s) and physiological impacts downstream of cGAS-STING signaling and independent of the classical TBK1-IRF3-IFN cascade. Here, we identified an unrecognized STING-PERK-eIF2α signaling axis that was specific and controlled cap-dependent translation, a fundamental cellular process. STING, upon activation by 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), robustly bound and directly activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-located kinase PERK, and this process was upstream of IRF3 activation and independent of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and TBK1/IKKε. Innate DNA sensing suppressed global translation programs but selectively ensured the activation of some pathways by PERK-mediated eIF2α phosphorylation and the rapid regulation of protein synthesis, enabling translational modulation of immune responses. Notably, the STING-PERK-eIF2α axis is an evolutionarily primitive component of STING-TBKI-IRF3-IFN signaling and is physiologically critical in pulmonary and renal fibrosis as well as in the regulation of cellular senescence. Therefore, these findings establish the first noncanonical pathway of the cGAS-STING mechanism and demonstrate the physiological importance of this STING-triggered selective translation, which we propose as a promising therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases.

2022-03-07 | GSE165910 | GEO

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