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Ldb1 establishes multi-enhancer networks to regulate gene expression [ChIP-Seq]

ABSTRACT: How enhancers specifically connect to gene promoters is still unclear. Besides the CTCF/cohesin machinery, only a small set of nuclear factors have been studied for a direct role in physically connecting regulatory elements. Here, we show via acute degradation experiments that LDB1 directly and broadly promotes enhancer-promoter loops. Utilizing multiple degron systems, we demonstrate that most endogenous LDB1-mediated contacts can form in the absence of CTCF, cohesin and YY1. Furthermore, an engineered/forced, LDB1-driven chromatin loop can form in the absence of cohesin. Yet, in a fraction of cases cohesin driven extrusion may promote LDB1 anchored loops. Leveraging the dynamic reorganization of nuclear architecture during the transition from mitosis to G1 phase, we establish a relationship between LDB1-dependent interactions in the context of TAD organization and gene activation. Tri-C and Region Capture Micro-C reveal that LDB1 organizes multi-enhancer networks to activate transcription. This establishes LDB1 as direct driver of connectivity between regulatory elements.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE254377 | GEO | 2024/11/27

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Ldb1 establishes multi-enhancer networks to regulate gene expression

Project description:How enhancers specifically connect to gene promoters is still unclear. Besides the CTCF/cohesin machinery, only a small set of nuclear factors have been studied for a direct role in physically connecting regulatory elements. Here, we show via acute degradation experiments that LDB1 directly and broadly promotes enhancer-promoter loops. Utilizing multiple degron systems, we demonstrate that most endogenous LDB1-mediated contacts can form in the absence of CTCF, cohesin and YY1. Furthermore, an engineered/forced, LDB1-driven chromatin loop can form in the absence of cohesin. Yet, in a fraction of cases cohesin driven extrusion may promote LDB1 anchored loops. Leveraging the dynamic reorganization of nuclear architecture during the transition from mitosis to G1 phase, we establish a relationship between LDB1-dependent interactions in the context of TAD organization and gene activation. Tri-C and Region Capture Micro-C reveal that LDB1 organizes multi-enhancer networks to activate transcription. This establishes LDB1 as direct driver of connectivity between regulatory elements.

2024-11-27 | GSE266450 | GEO

Ldb1 establishes multi-enhancer networks to regulate gene expression [RNA-seq]

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Ldb1 establishes multi-enhancer networks to regulate gene expression [micro-C-Seq]

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Ldb1 establishes multi-enhancer networks to regulate gene expression [Tri-C-Seq]

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Ldb1 mediates trans enhancement in mammals

Project description:The monoallelic expression of olfactory receptor (OR) genes is governed by a large number of intergenic enhancer elements that are located in intergenic regions of OR gene clusters. In mature olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), multiple OR enhancers colocalize in an interchromosomal enhancer hub together with the active OR allele. Here we show that in OSNs OR enhancers are bound by Ldb1, but not general purpose mediators of nuclear architecture (CTCF or the cohesin complex subunit Rad21). Conditional deletion of Ldb1 in OSNs results in the dissolution of long range and interchromosomal contacts between OR Enhancers and in pervasive reductions in OR gene expression.

2018-03-29 | GSE112153 | GEO

CTCF binding polarity determines chromatin looping [4C]

Project description:CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) is an architectural protein involved in the three-dimensional organization of chromatin. In this study, we systematically assayed the 3D genomic contact profiles of hundreds of CTCF binding sites in multiple tissues with high-resolution 4C-seq. We find both developmentally stable and dynamic chromatin loops. As recently reported, our data also suggest that chromatin loops preferentially form between CTCF binding sites oriented in a convergent manner. To directly test this, we used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to delete core CTCF binding sites in three loci, including the CTCF site in the Sox2 super-enhancer. In all instances, CTCF and cohesin recruitment were lost, and chromatin loops with distal CTCF sites were disrupted or destabilized. Re-insertion of oppositely oriented CTCF recognition sequences restored CTCF and cohesin recruitment, but did not re-establish chromatin loops. We conclude that CTCF binding polarity plays a functional role in the formation of higher order chromatin structure. 4C-seq was performed on a large number of viewpoints in E14 embryonic stem cells, neural precursor cells and primary fetal liver cells

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Long-range chromatin interactions in mouse embryonic stem cells identified by ChIA-PET [H3K27me3 ChIP-Seq]

Project description:The pluripotent state of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is produced by active transcription of cell identity genes and repression of genes encoding lineage-specifying developmental regulators. Here we use large ESC cohesin ChIA-PET datasets and other genomic data to identify the local chromosomal structures at both active and repressed genes across the genome. The results show that super-enhancer driven cell identity genes generally occur within large loops that are connected through CTCF-CTCF interaction sites occupied by cohesin. H3K27me3 ChIP-seq data from wild type murine embryonic stem cells V6.5 were generated by deep sequencing using Illumina Hi-Seq 2000.

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Pax3 cooperates with Ldb1 to direct local chromosome architecture during lineage specification

Project description:Chromatin looping allows enhancer-bound regulatory factors to influence transcription. Large domains, referred to as Topologically Associated Domains (TADs), participate in genome organization but the mechanisms underlining interactions within TADs, that actually control gene expression, are largely unknown. Here we report that activation of embryonic myogenesis is associated with establishment of long-range chromatin interactions centered on Pax3-bound loci. Using mass spectrometry and genomic studies, we identified the ubiquitously expressed LIM-domain binding protein 1 (Ldb1) as the mediator of looping interactions at a subset of Pax3 binding sites. Ldb1 is recruited to Pax3-bound elements independently of CTCF-Cohesin, and is necessary for efficient deposition of H3K4me1 at these sites and chromatin looping. When Ldb1 is deleted in Pax3-expressing cells in vivo, specification of migratory myogenic progenitors is severely impaired. These results highlight Ldb1 requirement for Pax3 myogenic activity and demonstrate how a transcription factor promotes formation of sub-TAD interactions associated with lineage specification.

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3D regulatory landscape of human naive pluripotency [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:The control of cell identity is orchestrated by transcriptional and chromatin regulators in the context of specific chromosome structures. With the recent isolation of human naive embryonic stem cells (ESCs) representative of the ground state of pluripotency, it is possible to deduce this regulatory landscape in one of the earliest stages of human development. Here we generate cohesin ChIA-PET chromatin interaction data in naive and primed human ESCs and use it to reconstruct and compare the 3D regulatory landscapes of these two stages of early human development. The results reveal shared and stage-specific regulatory landscapes of topological domains and their subdomains, which consist of CTCF-CTCF/cohesin loops and enhancer-promoter/cohesin loops. The enhancer-promoter loop data reveal that genes with key roles in pluripotency are nearly always regulated by one or more super-enhancers, and show that these genes tend to occur in insulated neighborhoods. Our results reveal the key features of the 3D regulatory landscape of early human cells that form the foundation for embryonic development. ChIP-seq data from naive and primed human embroynic stem cells.

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