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Growth regulated co-occupancy of Mediator and Lsm3 at intronic ribosomal protein genes [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Mediator is a well-known transcriptional co-regulator and serves as an adaptor between gene-specific regulatory proteins and RNA polymerase II. Studies on the chromatin-bound form of Mediator revealed interactions with additional protein complexes involved in various transcription-related processes, such as the Lsm2-8 complex which is part of the spliceosomal U6 snRNP complex. Here we employ ChIP-seq of chromatin associated with the Lsm3 protein and the Med1 or Med15 Mediator subunits. We identify 86 genes co-occupied by both Lsm3 and Mediator of which 73 were intron-containing ribosomal protein genes. In logarithmically growing cells, Mediator primarily binds to their promoter regions but also shows a second, less pronounced occupancy at their 3´-exons. During late exponential phase, we observe a near complete transition of Mediator from these promoters to a position in their 3´-ends, overlapping the Lsm3 binding sites approximately 250 bp downstream of their last intron-exon boundaries. Using an unbiased RNA-seq approach we show that transition of Mediator from promoters to the last exon of these genes correlates to reduction of both their mRNA levels and splicing ratios, indicating that the Mediator and Lsm complexes co-operate to control growth-regulated expression of intron-containing ribosomal protein genes at the levels of transcription initiation and splicing.

ORGANISM(S): Saccharomyces cerevisiae

PROVIDER: GSE254760 | GEO | 2024/03/26

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Growth regulated co-occupancy of Mediator and Lsm3 at intronic ribosomal protein genes [ChIP-seq]

Project description:Mediator is a well-known transcriptional co-regulator and serves as an adaptor between gene-specific regulatory proteins and RNA polymerase II. Studies on the chromatin-bound form of Mediator revealed interactions with additional protein complexes involved in various transcription-related processes, such as the Lsm2-8 complex which is part of the spliceosomal U6 snRNP complex. Here we employ ChIP-seq of chromatin associated with the Lsm3 protein and the Med1 or Med15 Mediator subunits. We identify 86 genes co-occupied by both Lsm3 and Mediator of which 73 were intron-containing ribosomal protein genes. In logarithmically growing cells, Mediator primarily binds to their promoter regions but also shows a second, less pronounced occupancy at their 3´-exons. During late exponential phase, we observe a near complete transition of Mediator from these promoters to a position in their 3´-ends, overlapping the Lsm3 binding sites approximately 250 bp downstream of their last intron-exon boundaries. Using an unbiased RNA-seq approach we show that transition of Mediator from promoters to the last exon of these genes correlates to reduction of both their mRNA levels and splicing ratios, indicating that the Mediator and Lsm complexes co-operate to control growth-regulated expression of intron-containing ribosomal protein genes at the levels of transcription initiation and splicing.

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LSM2-8 and XRN-2 contribute to the silencing of H3K27me3 marked genes through targeted RNA decay II

Project description:The LSM2-8 complex specifically targets nuclear RNAs generated from loci bearing histone H3K27me3 for degradation through the exonuclease XRN-2 In fission yeast and plants RNA-processing pathways including co-transcriptional degradation of nuclear mRNAs contributes to heterochromatic gene silencing additionally to the well-known transcriptional repression, but it was not knownunclear if this extra level of regulation also to occur in metazoans. Here we report the discovery of a related pathway in somatic cells of the flatworm C. elegans. The highly conserved, RNA binding LSM2-8 complex is shown to silence selectively heterochromatic reporters and endogenous genes bearing the Polycomb mark H2K27me3. LSM2-8-mediated silencing is independent of H3K9me2/me3 but depends on mes-2, the Polycomb-like histone methyl transferase. LSM2-8-mediated silencing is detectable from early embryonic stages through adulthood. The LSM2-8 complex works cooperatively with XRN-2, a 5’-3’ exonuclease, and disruption of the pathway leads to stabilized targeted mRNAs. Developmental defects and premature death were observed in worms lacking LSM-8, and levels of H3K27me3 dropped slightly at Pc-targeted loci. LSM2-8-mediated silencing of H3K27me3-bound regions defines a new mechanism of selective heterochromatin gene silencing not previously shown for higher eukaryotes.

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Project description:Long introns with short exons in vertebrate genes are thought to require spliceosome assembly across exons (exon definition), rather than introns, thereby requiring transcription of an exon to splice an upstream intron. Here, we developed CoLa-seq (co-transcriptional lariat sequencing) to investigate the timing and determinants of co-transcriptional splicing genome wide. Unexpectedly, 90% of all introns, including long introns, can splice before transcription of a downstream exon, indicating that exon definition is not obligatory for most human introns. Still, splicing timing varies dramatically across introns, and various genetic elements determine this variation. Strong U2AF2 binding to the polypyrimidine tract predicts early splicing, explaining exon definition-independent splicing. Together, our findings question the essentiality of exon definition and reveal features beyond intron and exon length that are determinative for splicing timing.

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