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Interleukin-16 Establishes a Th1-dominant Tumor Immune Microenvironment And Potentiates Immune Checkpoint Therapies [scRNA-Seq]

ABSTRACT: Overcoming immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment (TME) is crucial for the development of novel cancer immunotherapies. In this study, we revealed a previously unrecognized role of IL-16 in shaping anti-tumor immunity. Compared to healthy individuals, cancer patients exhibited impaired production of IL-16, which was associated with inferior patient prognosis. In multiple murine cancer models, IL-16 administration augmented the anti-tumor immune responses and thus restrained tumor growth. Further investigation uncovered that IL-16 potentiated the polarization of T helper 1 (Th1) cells and the production of their effector cytokine IFN-γ. Mechanistically, IL-16 inhibited glutamine catabolism by downregulating the expression of glutaminase (GLS) in CD4+ T cells. The establishment of IL-16-dependent Th1 tumor microenvironment further increased the expression of CXCR3 ligands in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), thereby improving the therapeutic effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). In cancer patients who received anti-PD1 therapy, higher levels of IL-16 were correlated with better responsiveness. Finally, we found that the impaired production of histamine by mast cells was a contributing factor to the downregulation of IL-16 in TME. Therefore, IL-16 could potentially be utilized as a therapeutic approach to augment anti-tumor immunity, and improve the outcome of ICB therapy in cancer patients. Collectively, our research provided new insights into the biological function of IL-16, emphasizing its potential clinical significance in cancer immunotherapy.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE254991 | GEO | 2025/01/20

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Cryo-thermal therapy has been proven to be a promising novel systemic strategy for advanced breast cancer, resulting in higher incidence of tumor regression and enhanced remission of metastasis. The mechanism by which such strategy boosts the anti-tumor activity remains unclear. To gain a system-wide understanding of the anti-tumor response, here we utilized a spontaneous metastatic mouse model and quantitative proteomics to compare the N-glycoproteome changes following treatment or not in 94 serum samples over 8 time points. We quantified 231 high confident N-glycosylated serum proteins in total using iTRAQ labeling shotgun proteomic. 53 of them showed significant regulatory patterns over time course, in which we identified acute phase response as the most enhanced pathway and markedly distinguished in the hierarchical proteome profile. We therefore investigated the function of acute response in tumoricidal effect using quantitative parallel reaction monitoring proteomics and flow cytometry upon 23 out of 53 significant proteins. We found that cryo-thermal therapy reshaped the tumor chronic inflammatory microenvironment to an ‘acute’ phenotype, accompanying ‘acute’ and markedly high expression of acute phase proteins and their key upstream regulator -interleukin 6. Such IL-6 mediated ‘acute’ phenotype drove the tumor site from a Th2 immunosuppressive, pro-tumorigenic to a Th1 immunostimulatory, tumouricidal phenotype, inducing a switch from IL-4 and Treg-promoting ICOSL expression to Th1-promoting IFN –γand IL-12 production, skewing to complement system activation and CD86+MHCII+ dendritic cells maturation, and enhancing the proliferation of Th1 memory cells. We also found an increased production of tumor metastatic inhibitors under such ‘acute’ environment, favoring the anti-metastatic effect. In this study, we revealed that IL-6 mediated ‘acute’ inflammatory profile played a key role to suppress immunosuppression and wake up the anti-tumor activity, recovering host metabolism and physiology. This could guide us a better understanding to improve this cancer treatment for better therapeutic effect.

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Interleukin-16 Establishes a Th1-dominant Tumor Immune Microenvironment And Potentiates Immune Checkpoint Therapies [scRNA-Seq]

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