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Depolymerization of plant cell wall glycans by symbiotic human gut bacteria

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Bacteroides ovatus Bacteroides sp. WH2 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482 Bacteroides ovatus ATCC 8483 Dorea longicatena DSM 13814 Blautia obeum ATCC 29174 Bacteroides caccae ATCC 43185 Collinsella aerofaciens ATCC 25986 Phocaeicola vulgatus ATCC 8482 Phocaeicola vulgatus [Ruminococcus] torques ATCC 27756 [Clostridium] scindens ATCC 35704 Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Parabacteroides distasonis ATCC 8503 Agathobacter rectalis ATCC 33656 Lachnospira eligens Thomasclavelia spiroformis DSM 1552 Methanobrevibacter smithii Agathobacter rectalis Bacteroides uniformis ATCC 8492 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii M21/2 Parabacteroides distasonis

PROVIDER: GSE25576 | GEO | 2011/05/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA133887

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:UnlabelledMany symbiotic gut bacteria possess the ability to degrade multiple polysaccharides, thereby providing nutritional advantages to their hosts. Like microorganisms adapted to other complex nutrient environments, gut symbionts give different metabolic priorities to substrates present in mixtures. We investigated the responses of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a common human intestinal bacterium that metabolizes more than a dozen different polysaccharides, including the O-linked glycans that are abundant in secreted mucin. Experiments in which mucin glycans were presented simultaneously with other carbohydrates show that degradation of these host carbohydrates is consistently repressed in the presence of alternative substrates, even by B. thetaiotaomicron previously acclimated to growth in pure mucin glycans. Experiments with media containing systematically varied carbohydrate cues and genetic mutants reveal that transcriptional repression of genes involved in mucin glycan metabolism is imposed by simple sugars and, in one example that was tested, is mediated through a small intergenic region in a transcript-autonomous fashion. Repression of mucin glycan-responsive gene clusters in two other human gut bacteria, Bacteroides massiliensis and Bacteroides fragilis, exhibited variable and sometimes reciprocal responses compared to those of B. thetaiotaomicron, revealing that these symbionts vary in their preference for mucin glycans and that these differences occur at the level of controlling individual gene clusters. Our results reveal that sensing and metabolic triaging of glycans are complex processes that vary among species, underscoring the idea that these phenomena are likely to be hidden drivers of microbiota community dynamics and may dictate which microorganisms preferentially commit to various niches in a constantly changing nutritional environment.ImportanceHuman intestinal microorganisms impact many aspects of health and disease, including digestion and the propensity to develop disorders such as inflammation and colon cancer. Complex carbohydrates are a major component of the intestinal habitat, and numerous species have evolved and refined strategies to compete for these coveted nutrients. Our findings reveal that individual bacteria exhibit different preferences for carbohydrates emanating from host diet and mucosal secretions and that some of these prioritization strategies are opposite to one another. Thus, we reveal new aspects of how individual bacteria, some with otherwise similar metabolic potential, partition to "preferred niches" in the complex gut ecosystem, which has important and immediate implications for understanding and predicting the behavioral dynamics of this community.

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Depolymerization of plant cell wall glycans by symbiotic human gut bacteria

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