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Joint transcriptional disruption of Ret and Ednrb drives cell fate reversal in the Enteric Nervous System in Hirschsprung disease [scRNA-Seq]

ABSTRACT: Despite extensive genetic heterogeneity, 72% of pathogenic alleles for Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) arise from coding and regulatory variants in genes of the RET and EDNRB gene regulatory network (GRN) in the enteric nervous system (ENS). Reduced signaling of these two receptors below a threshold in enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCDCs) leads to a molecular tipping point at which otherwise lesser cellular defects result in aganglionosis. To elucidate the mechanisms leading to enteric neuronal loss from these genetic defects, we generated four strains of mice carrying reduced function alleles at Ret or Ednrb or both, along with their wildtype alleles. ENS tissue- and single-cell gene expression profiling of the developing and postnatal gastrointestinal tract in five mouse models, with various combinations of mutant alleles, revealed 3 major insights: (i) Ret and Ednrb deficiency, rather than complete loss, is sufficient to induce HSCR, (ii) Ret and Ednrb demonstrate strong trans interactions, and (iii) disruption of this interaction leads to cellular fate changes to compensate for neuronal loss. This study of targeted mouse models of a multifactorial disorder reveals how increasing dosage of genetic defects within a GRN leads to quantifiably increasing dysregulation from genotype to gene expression to cellular identity to function. Importantly, our studies establish that aganglionosis results only with severely reduced gene expression at both receptor genes and their consequent disruption of normal and compensatory cell fate trajectories.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE255963 | GEO | 2025/04/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:RET/GDNF and ET3/EDNRB regulate cell survival, differentiation and migration of neural crest-derived cells. Many signalling mediators of RET have been characterized but the target genes at the end of the signalling cascade are largely unknown. Since the RET/EDNRB crosstalk has been previously shown, we used a Caenorhabditis elegans knockout strain of Nep-1, a homologue of human ECE1 (endothelin-converting enzyme-1), to identify new target genes. Transcriptome comparison between wild-type and Nep-1 strains at different stages identified vit-3 as a differentially expressed gene. Molecular studies of the vit3 mammalian homologue, Apoliporotein B (APOB), were performed in the murine Neuro2a cell line, a model of ENS development. Apob expression in Neuro2a is specifically activated by the RET/GDNF signalling pathway, since Ret silencing abolished Apob increase, and this effect is induced by MAPK P38 kinase activation. Mouse Apob promoter study revealed that there is a p53-dependent repressor element in the promoter region which blocks Apob expression and we show that actually p53 binds to this region. We demonstrated that RET/GDNF and EDNRB/endothelin 3 (ET-3) cooperate in inducing neuronal differentiation resulting in Apob activation. We also show that Apob expression is downregulated in mouse embryos homozygous for the mutation RetC620R and presenting a severe HSCR phenotype, whereas heterozygous mice, phenotypically normal, present a significant increase in Apob expression. These data suggest that Apob has an important role in RET-mediated neuronal development and APOB decrease may have an impact in human disorders where RET absence has been already identified, such as HSCR and Parkinson disease. Gene expression analysis using Affymetrix GeneChip C. elegans arrays in order to identify genes up- or down-regulated in nep-1 strains, homologue of human ECE1 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1). Comparison of the transcriptomes between wt and nep-1 strains in larval stage L3 and adult C. elegans.

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Joint transcriptional disruption of Ret and Ednrb drives cell fate reversal in the Enteric Nervous System in Hirschsprung disease [scRNA-Seq]

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