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Anti-tumor activity of a novelLAIR1antagonist in combination with anti-PD-1to treat collagen-rich solid tumors (GeoMx)

ABSTRACT: We recently reported that resistance to PD-1-blockade in a refractory lung cancer-derived model involved increased collagen deposition and the collagen-binding inhibitory receptor leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 (LAIR1), and thus we hypothesized that LAIR1 and collagen cooperated to suppress therapeutic response. Here, we report LAIR1 is associated with tumor stroma and is highly expressed by intratumoral myeloid cells in both human tumors and mouse models of cancer. Stroma-associated myeloid cells exhibit a suppressive phenotype and correlate with LAIR1 expression in human cancer. NGM438, a novel humanized LAIR1 antagonist monoclonal antibody, elicits myeloid inflammation and allogeneic T cell responses by binding to LAIR1 and blocking collagen engagement. Further, a mouse-reactive NGM438 surrogate antibody sensitized refractory KP mouse lung tumors to anti-PD-1 therapy and resulted in increased intratumoral CD8+ T cell content and inflammatory gene expression. These data place LAIR1 at the intersection of stroma and suppressive myeloid cells and support the notion that blockade of the LAIR1/collagen axis can potentially address resistance to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in the clinic.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE260598 | GEO | 2024/03/04

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Therapeutic strategies that enhance anti-viral immunity and reduce the viral reservoir are critical to achieving durable remission of HIV. The co-inhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) regulates CD8+ T cell dysfunction during chronic HIV and SIV infections 1-4. In addition, PD-1+ CD4+ T cells constitute a significant fraction of the HIV/SIV viral reservoir5-7. We previously demonstrated that in vivo blockade of PD-1 during chronic SIV infection improves the function of anti-viral CD8+ T cells and B cells 4,8. However, the immunological effects of PD-1 blockade during anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and the potential to destabilize the persistent HIV/SIV reservoir have not been studied. Here, we show that administration of anti-PD-1 antibody (PD-1 Ab) 10 days prior to initiation of ART rapidly enhanced anti-viral CD8+ T cell function and diminished interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) that resulted in markedly improved viral suppression in plasma and better Th17 cell reconstitution in the rectal mucosa following ART initiation. In addition, PD-1 blockade during suppressive ART resulted in transient increases in plasma viremia, induction of gene signatures associated with effector CD8+ T cell function and ISGs, and lower levels of cell associated replication-competent virus suggesting destabilization of the viral reservoir. Following ART interruption, PD-1 Ab treated animals showed markedly higher expansion of proliferating CXCR5+ Perforin+ Granzyme B+ effector CD8+ T cells and lower regulatory T cells that resulted in delayed viral rebound and better control of viremia. PD-1 blockade administered only during suppressive ART however was only partially effective. Our results indicate an optimal regimen of PD-1 blockade administered in combination with ART, that augments anti-viral CD8+ T cell function and reduces the viral reservoir leading to improved control of viral rebound after ART interruption. These results have important implications for developing novel therapeutic interventions to achieve durable remission of HIV.

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Anti-tumor activity of a novelLAIR1antagonist in combination with anti-PD-1to treat collagen-rich solid tumors (GeoMx)

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