Investigating the Etiology of Craniofacial and Cardiac Malformations in a Mouse Model of SF3B4-Related Syndromes
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE260990 | GEO | 2024/11/20
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Purpose: Heterozygous mutations in SNRPB, an essential core component of the five small ribonucleoprotein particles of the spliceosome, are responsible for craniofacial and rib defects in patients with Cerebrocostomandibular Syndrome (CCMS). However, why the mutations in SNRPB causes tissue specific CCMS abnormalities such as craniofacial defects are unknown. We hypothesize that splicing of tissue specific transcripts required for craniofacial development is disrupted due to SNRPB deficiency, during embryonic development. The purpose of the study was to identify those developmentally important transcripts that are dysregulated due to Snrpb mutation. Methods: We mated Snrpbloxp mice that we have developed with commercially available Wnt-1-Cre2 transgenic mice to remove one allele of Snrpb from neural crest cells. The mutant (Snrpb \ncc+/-) embryos showed craniofacial abnormalities at E9.5 and onward. We collected morphologically normal embryos at E9.0 for both Snrpb wildtype and Snrpbncc+/- mutants. We pooled two embryo heads of similar somites for each genotype and extracted the RNA for RNAseq. Results: We found that Snrpbncc+/- mutants show aberrant splicing that includes both increased exon skipping and intron retention. A strong tendency towards increased exon skipping and intron inclusion in the mutant samples were observed; there were more SE (273 in Het versus 83 in WT) and RI (191 in Het versus 21 in WT). We identified 13 transcripts required for craniofacial development or stem cell development with significant increases in exon skipping including Smad2, Rere and Pou2f1. From pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes, we found they were associated with the spliceosome and the P53-pathway. We also found an increase in splicing of two P53 regulator, Mdm2 and Mdm4. Conclusions: We propose that abnormal splicing underlies the defects found in Snrpbncc+/-mutant embryos. We confirmed differential splicing of the P53 regulators, Mdm2 and Mdm4 and identified several transcripts important for craniofacial development which were abnormally spliced in Snrpbncc+/- embryos.
2022-06-15 | GSE180546 | GEO
Project description:Cranial neural crest cells (NCC) give rise to the majority of the cartilage, bone, connective tissue, and sensory ganglia in the head, and also participate in the remodeling of the cardiac outflow tract and pharyngeal arch arteries during cardiovascular development. Our preliminary results show that targeted deletion of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in murine NCC results in cardiovascular and craniofacial alterations, resembling human congenital heart diseases The objective of this project is to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which FAK mediates NCC function during development. Compare gene expression in cranial neural crest cells of E11.5 wild type and FAK mutants. FAK is a tyrosine kinase that transduces integrin and growth factor signaling pathways. Abnormal growth factor signaling leads to cardiovascular malformations caused by deficient cardiac NCC function. However, a direct role for FAK in NCC morphogenesis has not been demonstrated. We will test the hypothesis that FAK is a downstream target of essential growth factor signaling in cranial neural crest cells during development. 1) Generate E11.5 mouse embryos that are either control (FAK+/flox) or NCC specific FAK knockout (Wnt1Cre;FAKflox/flox). 2) Determine genotype by PCR. 3) Dissect head and torax from the different genotypes. 4) Obtain NCC from dissected tissue by magnetic cell sorting using p75 antibody. 5) Prepare total RNA from speciments. We will pool the NCC from 3 different embryos of the same genotype, and send total RNA to TGEN for probe preparation, hybridization and array result analysis.
2008-06-11 | E-GEOD-11149 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Cranial neural crest cells (NCC) give rise to the majority of the cartilage, bone, connective tissue, and sensory ganglia in the head, and also participate in the remodeling of the cardiac outflow tract and pharyngeal arch arteries during cardiovascular development. Our preliminary results show that targeted deletion of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in murine NCC results in cardiovascular and craniofacial alterations, resembling human congenital heart diseases The objective of this project is to elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which FAK mediates NCC function during development. Compare gene expression in cranial neural crest cells of E11.5 wild type and FAK mutants. FAK is a tyrosine kinase that transduces integrin and growth factor signaling pathways. Abnormal growth factor signaling leads to cardiovascular malformations caused by deficient cardiac NCC function. However, a direct role for FAK in NCC morphogenesis has not been demonstrated. We will test the hypothesis that FAK is a downstream target of essential growth factor signaling in cranial neural crest cells during development. 1) Generate E11.5 mouse embryos that are either control (FAK+/flox) or NCC specific FAK knockout (Wnt1Cre;FAKflox/flox). 2) Determine genotype by PCR. 3) Dissect head and torax from the different genotypes. 4) Obtain NCC from dissected tissue by magnetic cell sorting using p75 antibody. 5) Prepare total RNA from speciments. We will pool the NCC from 3 different embryos of the same genotype, and send total RNA to TGEN for probe preparation, hybridization and array result analysis. Keywords: other
2008-05-06 | GSE11149 | GEO
Project description:Mutations in Sf3b4, a component of the spliceosome, have been linked to craniofacial dismorphology known as Nager syndrome. To understand the role Sf3b4 in this condition, we knockdown Sf3b4 in Xenopus laevis embryos, and found that in these embryos the formation of neural crest-derived craniofacial skeletal structures was compromised. We performed RNA-Seq to identify the repertoire of genes affected by Sf3b4 splicing activity.
2020-04-30 | GSE143395 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: EFTUD2, a GTPase and core component of the splicesome, is known to be mutated in patients with mandibulofacial dysostosis with microcephaly (MFDM). In this study, we examine the role of this gene in neural crest cells, the precursors of bones and cartilages affected in MFDM patients. Methods: We generated a mutant mouse line with conditional mutation in Eftud2 and used Wnt1-Cre2 to delete it in neural crest cells. Results: We show that homozygous deletion of Eftud2 leads to neural crest cell death and malformations in the brain and craniofacial region of embryos. RNAseq analysis of embryonic heads revealed a significant increase in exon skipping and retained introns in mutants and enriched levels of Mdm2 transcripts lacking exon 3. Mutants also had increased nuclear P53, higher expression of P53-target genes, and increased cell death. Craniofacial development was significantly improved when mutant embryos were treated with Pifithrin-alpha, an inihibitor of P53. Conclusion: We propose that craniofacial defects caused by mutations of EFTUD2 are a result of mis-splicing of Mdm2 and P53-associated cell death. Hence, drugs that reduce P53 activity may help prevent craniofacial defects associated with spliceosomopathies.
2021-09-03 | GSE157356 | GEO
Project description:Both canonical and alternative splicing of RNAs is governed by intronic sequence elements and produces transient lariat structures fastened by branch-points within introns. To map precisely the location of branch-points on a genomic scale, we developed LaSSO (Lariat Sequence Site Origin), a data-driven algorithm which utilizes RNA-seq data. Using fission yeast cells lacking the debranching enzyme Dbr1, LaSSO not only accurately identified canonical splicing events, but also pinpointed novel, but rare, exon-skipping events, which may reflect aberrantly spliced transcripts. Compromised intron turnover perturbed gene regulation at multiple levels, including splicing and protein translation. Notably, Dbr1 function was also critical for the expression of mitochondrial genes, and for the processing of self-spliced mitochondrial introns. LaSSO showed better sensitivity and accuracy than algorithms used for computational branch-point prediction or for empirical branch-point determination. Even when applied to a human data set acquired in the presence of debranching activity, LaSSO identified both canonical and exon skipping branch-points. LaSSO thus provides an effective, accurate and unbiased approach for defining high-resolution maps of branch-site sequences and intronic elements on a genomic scale. LaSSO should be useful to validate introns and uncover branch-point sequences in any eukaryote, and it could be integrated to RNA-seq pipelines. Interrogation of the S. pombe transcriptome using rRNA depleted strand specific RNA sequencing (Illumina HiSeq 2000) in wild type and dbr1.M-NM-^T cultures. A total of 4 samples were analyzed: two biological repeates of wild-type strain and two biological repeats of dbr1.M-NM-^T
2014-03-18 | E-GEOD-50246 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Both canonical and alternative splicing of RNAs is governed by intronic sequence elements and produces transient lariat structures fastened by branch-points within introns. To map precisely the location of branch-points on a genomic scale, we developed LaSSO (Lariat Sequence Site Origin), a data-driven algorithm which utilizes RNA-seq data. Using fission yeast cells lacking the debranching enzyme Dbr1, LaSSO not only accurately identified canonical splicing events, but also pinpointed novel, but rare, exon-skipping events, which may reflect aberrantly spliced transcripts. Compromised intron turnover perturbed gene regulation at multiple levels, including splicing and protein translation. Notably, Dbr1 function was also critical for the expression of mitochondrial genes, and for the processing of self-spliced mitochondrial introns. LaSSO showed better sensitivity and accuracy than algorithms used for computational branch-point prediction or for empirical branch-point determination. Even when applied to a human data set acquired in the presence of debranching activity, LaSSO identified both canonical and exon skipping branch-points. LaSSO thus provides an effective, accurate and unbiased approach for defining high-resolution maps of branch-site sequences and intronic elements on a genomic scale. LaSSO should be useful to validate introns and uncover branch-point sequences in any eukaryote, and it could be integrated to RNA-seq pipelines.
2014-03-18 | GSE50246 | GEO
Project description:Nager syndrome is a rare craniofacial and limb disorder characterized by midface retrusion, micrognathia, absent thumbs, and radial hypoplasia. This disorder results from haploinsufficiency of SF3B4 (splicing factor 3b, subunit 4) a component of the pre-mRNA spliceosomal machinery. The spliceosome is a complex of RNA and proteins that function together to remove introns and join exons from transcribed pre-mRNA. While the spliceosome is present and functions in all cells of the body, most spliceosomopathies – including Nager syndrome – are cell/tissue-specific in their pathology. In Nager syndrome patients, it is the neural crest (NC)-derived craniofacial skeletal structures that are primarily affected. To understand the pathomechanism underlying this condition, we generated a Xenopus tropicalis sf3b4 mutant line using the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. Here we describe the sf3b4 mutant phenotype at neurula, tail bud, and tadpole stages, and performed temporal RNA-sequencing analysis to characterize the splicing events and transcriptional changes underlying this phenotype. Our data show that while loss of one copy of sf3b4 is largely inconsequential in Xenopus tropicalis, homozygous deletion of sf3b4 causes major splicing defects and gene dysregulation, which disrupt cranial NC cell migration and survival, thereby pointing at an essential role of Sf3b4 in craniofacial development.
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2008-06-13 | E-GEOD-4774 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Specialized chromatin-binding proteins are required for DNA-based processes during development. We recently established PWWP2A as a direct histone variant H2A.Z interactor involved in mitosis and craniofacial development. Here, we identify the H2A.Z/PWWP2A-associated protein HMG20A as part of several chromatin-modifying complexes, including NuRD, andshow that it localizes to distinct genomic regulatory regions. Hmg20a depletion causes severe head and heart developmental defects in Xenopus laevis. Our data indicate that craniofacial malformations are caused by defects in neural crest cell (NCC) migration and cartilage formation. These developmental failures are phenocopied in Hmg20a-depleted mESCs, which show inefficient differentiation into NCCs and cardiomyocytes (CM). Consequently, loss of HMG20A, which marks open promoters and enhancers, results in chromatin accessibility changes and a striking deregulation of transcription programs involved in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and differentiation processes. Collectively, our findings implicate HMG20A as part of the H2A.Z/PWWP2A/NuRD-axis and reveal it as a key modulator of intricate developmental transcription programs that guide the differentiation of NCCs and CMs.
2023-03-11 | PXD038968 | Pride