Involvement of autophagy in mesaconitine-induced neurotoxicity in HT22 cells revealed through integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and m6A epitranscriptomic profiling
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE261320 | GEO | 2024/07/03
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Involvement of autophagy in mesaconitine-induced neurotoxicity in HT22 cells revealed through integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and m6A epitranscriptomic profiling
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Project description:Aconitine, a common and main toxic component of Aconitum, is toxic to the central nervous system. However, the mechanism of aconitine neurotoxicity is not yet clear. In this work, we had the hypothesis that excitatory amino acids can trigger excitotoxicity as a pointcut to explore the mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by aconitine. HT22 cells were simulated by aconitine and the changes of target cell metabolites were real-time online investigated based on a microfluidic chip-mass spectrometry system. Meanwhile, to confirm the metabolic mechanism of aconitine toxicity on HT22 cells, the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, intracellular Ca2+, reactive oxygen species, glutathione and superoxide dismutase, and ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein were detected by molecular biotechnology. Integration of the detected results revealed that neurotoxicity induced by aconitine was associated with the process of excitotoxicity caused by glutamic acid and aspartic acid, which was followed by the accumulation of lactic acid and reduction of glucose. The surge of extracellular glutamic acid could further lead to a series of cascade reactions including intracellular Ca2+ overload and oxidative stress, and eventually result in cell apoptosis. In general, we illustrated a new mechanism of aconitine neurotoxicity and presented a novel analysis strategy that real-time online monitoring of cell metabolites can provide a new approach to mechanism analysis.
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Project description:As the most abundant glial cells in the CNS, astrocytes dynamically respond to neurotoxic stress, however, the key molecular regulators controlling the inflammatory status of these sentinels during neurotoxic stress have remained elusive. Herein, we demonstrate that the m6A epitranscriptomic mRNA modification tightly regulates the pro-inflammatory functions of astrocytes. Specifically, the astrocytic neurotoxic stresser, manganese (Mn), downregulated the m6A reader YTHDF2 in human and mouse astrocyte cultures and in the mouse brain. Functionally, YTHDF2 knockdown augmented, while its overexpression dampened, neurotoxic stress induced proinflammatory response, suggesting YTHDF2 serves as a key upstream regulator of inflammatory responses in astrocytes. Mechnistically, YTHDF2 RIP-sequencing identified MAP2K4 (MKK4; SEK1) mRNA as a YTHDF2 target influencing inflammatory signaling. Our target validation revealed Mn-exposed astrocytes mediates proinflammatory response by activating the phosphorylation of SEK1, JNK, and cJUN signaling. Collectively, YTHDF2 serves a key upstream ‘molecular switch’ controlling SEK1(MAP2K4)-JNK-cJUN proinflammatory signaling in astrocytes.
2024-07-19 | GSE254720 | GEO
Project description:Glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in the HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line has been recognized as a valuable cell model for the study of neurotoxicity associated with neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relevance of this cell model for AD pathogenesis and preclinical drug screening remains to be more elucidated. While there is increasing use of this cell model in a number of studies, relatively little is known about its underlying molecular signatures in relation to AD. Here, our RNA sequencing study provides the first transcriptomic and network analyses of HT22 cells following glutamate exposure. Several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their relationships specific to AD were identified. Additionally, the usefulness of this cell model as a drug screening system was assessed by determining the expression of those AD-associated DEGs in response to two medicinal plant extracts, Acanthus ebracteatus and Streblus asper, that have been previously shown to be protective in this cell model. In summary, the present study reports newly identified AD-specific molecular signatures in glutamate-injured HT22 cells, suggesting that this cell can be a valuable model system for the screening and evaluation of new anti-AD agents, particularly from natural products.
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Project description:Exosomes from the brains of rhesus macaques were isolated and characterized, both with and without simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) induced central nervous system (CNS) disease. Small RNA sequencing revealed that exosomes from the brains of animals with CNS disease contained significantly increased miR-21, a microRNA we have previously shown to be significantly increased in both SIV and HIV induced CNS disease. In addition to neurons in the brain, macrophage/microglial cells/nodules also express miR-21 during SIV induced CNS disease. In vitro culture of macrophages revealed that miR-21 is released into exosomes, and exosomes from macrophage cultures produced from WT, but not miR-21-/- KO, animals are neurotoxic. We find this neurotoxicity is dependent upon exosome carriage of miR-21, and mutation of the sequence within miR-21 predicted to bind TLR7 eliminates this neurotoxicity. Indeed exosomal miR-21 activates TLR7 in a reporter cell line, and the neurotoxicity of exosomal miR-21 is dependent upon TLR7, as neurons isolated from TLR7-/- KO mice are protected from neurotoxicity. Finally, we show that exosomes isolated from the brains of monkeys with SIV induced CNS disease both activate TLR7 and are neurotoxic when compared to exosomes from control animals.
2018-01-29 | GSE109414 | GEO
Project description:Epitranscriptomic mechanisms linking tRNA function and the brain proteome to cognition and complex behaviors are not well described. Here, we report bi-directional changes in depression-related behaviors after genetic disruption of neuronal tRNA cytosine methylation, including conditional ablation and transgene-derived overexpression of Nsun2 in the mouse prefrontal cortex (PFC). Neuronal Nsun2-deficiency was associated with a decrease in tRNA m5C levels, resulting in deficits in expression of 70% of tRNAGly isodecoders. Altogether, 1488/5820 proteins changed upon neuronal Nsun2-deficiency, in conjunction with glycine codon-specific defects in translational efficiencies. Loss of Gly-rich proteins critical for glutamatergic neurotransmission was associated with impaired synaptic signaling at PFC pyramidal neurons and defective contextual fear memory. Changes in the neuronal translatome were also associated with a 146% increase in glycine biosynthesis. These findings highlight the methylation sensitivity of glycinergic tRNAs in the adult PFC. Furthermore, they link synaptic plasticity and complex behaviors to epitranscriptomic modifications of cognate tRNAs and the proteomic homeostasis associated with specific amino acids.
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Project description:The proteasomal system is responsible for the turnover of damaged proteins. Because of its important functions in oncogenesis, inhibiting the proteasomal system is a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. Bortezomib (BTZ) is the first proteasome inhibitor approved by FDA for clinical applications. However neuropathic side effects are dose limiting for BTZ as many other chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore second-generation proteasome inhibitors have been developed including carfilzomib (CFZ). Aim of the present work was investigating the mechanisms of peripheral neuropathy triggered by the proteasome inhibitor BTZ and comparing the pathways affected by BTZ and CFZ, respectively. Neural stem cells, isolated from the cortex of E14 mouse embryos, were treated with BTZ and CFZ and mass spectrometry was used to compare the global protein pool of treated cells. BTZ was shown to cause more severe cytoskeletal damage, which is crucial in neural cell integrity. Excessive protein carbonylation and actin filament destabilization were also detected following BTZ treatment that was lower following CFZ treatment. Our data on cytoskeletal proteins, chaperone system, and protein oxidation may explain the milder neurotoxic effects of CFZ in clinical applications.
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Project description:Azaspiracids (AZAs) are a novel group of marine phycotoxins that have been associated with severe human intoxication. We found that AZA-1 exposure increased lactate dehydrogense (LDH) efflux in murine neocortical neurons. AZA-1 also produced nuclear condensation and stimulated caspase-3 activity with an half maximal effective concentration (EC(50)) value of 25.8 nM. These data indicate that AZA-1 triggers neuronal death in neocortical neurons by both necrotic and apoptotic mechanisms. An evaluation of the structure-activity relationships of AZA analogs on LDH efflux and caspase-3 activation demonstrated that the full structure of AZAs was required to produce necrotic or apoptotic cell death. The similar potencies of AZA-1 to stimulate LDH efflux and caspase-3 activation and the parallel structure-activity relationships of azaspiracid analogs in the two assays are consistent with a common molecular target for both responses. To explore the molecular mechanism for AZA-1-induced neurotoxicity, we assessed the influence of AZA-1 on Ca(2+) homeostasis. AZA-1 suppressed spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations (EC(50) = 445 nM) in neocortical neurons. A distinct structure-activity profile was found for inhibition of Ca(2+) oscillations where both the full structure as well as analogs containing only the FGHI domain attached to a phenyl glycine methyl ester moiety were potent inhibitors. The molecular targets for inhibition of spontaneous Ca(2+) oscillations and neurotoxicity may therefore differ. The caspase protease inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK produced a complete elimination of AZA-1-induced LDH efflux and nuclear condensation in neocortical neurons. Although the molecular target for AZA-induced neurotoxicity remains to be established, these results demonstrate that the observed neurotoxicity is dependent on a caspase signaling pathway.
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Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC8654860 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Acrylamide (ACR) is a broadly spread neurotoxic chemical of public health concern, as occupational or environmental exposure of humans to ACR may lead to a synaptopathy characterized by ataxia, skeletal muscles weakness and numbness of the extremities. Currently, only the mildly affected patients undergo complete recovery, and identification of new molecules with therapeutic bioactivity against ACR acute neurotoxicity is urgently needed. Objectives: We aimed to develop a zebrafish model for human ACR neurotoxicity. Methods: Adverse effects have been assessed at different levels, including analysis of the motor function (basal locomotor activity, visual motor response, kinematic of the touch-evoked escape response), histopathological evaluation (toluidine blue and whole-mount immunofluorescence), analysis of neural transcriptional markers (qPCR), proteomic analysis (μLC-MS-MS) and neurotransmitters profile (LC-MS/MS). Results: Our results show that zebrafish mimics most of the pathophysiological processes described in humans and mammalian models. Motor function was altered, including the response to sudden changes in light intensity. Specific effects were found on the presynaptic nerve terminals at the neuromuscular junction level, but not on the axonal tracts or myelin sheath integrity. Transcriptional markers of proteins involved in synaptic vesicle cycle were selectively altered, and the proteomic analysis showed that ACR-adducts were formed on cysteine residues of some synaptic proteins. Finally, analysis of neurotransmitters profile showed a significant effect found on cholinergic and dopaminergic systems. Conclusions: Thus, the zebrafish model for ACR acute neurotoxicity is suitable to be used larvae for in vivo high-throughput screening of small molecule libraries for identifying new drugs against this synaptopathy.
2018-10-24 | PXD007169 | Pride