High recallability of memory B cells requires ZFP318-dependent transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial function
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE261381 | GEO | 2024/06/04
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Expression of the transcriptional regulator ZFP318 is induced in germinal center (GC)-exiting memory B cell precursors and memory B cells (MBCs). Using a conditional ZFP318 fluorescence reporter that also enables ablation of ZFP318-expressing cells, we found that ZFP318-expressing MBCs were highly enriched with GC-derived cells. Although ZFP318-expressing MBCs constituted only a minority of the antigen-specific MBC compartment, their ablation severely impaired recall responses. Deletion of the Zfp318 gene did not alter the magnitude of primary responses but markedly reduced MBC participation in recall. CD40 ligation promoted Zfp318 expression whereas BCR signaling was inhibitory. Enforced ZFP318 expression enhanced recall performance of MBCs that otherwise responded poorly. ZFP318-deficient MBCs expressed less mitochondrial genes, had structurally compromised mitochondria and were susceptible to reactivation-induced cell death. The abundance of ZFP318-expressing MBCs, instead of the number of antigen-specific MBCs, correlated with the potency of prime-boost vaccination. Therefore, ZFP318 controls the MBC recallability and represents a key checkpoint of humoral immune memory.
2024-06-04 | GSE261384 | GEO
Project description:Expression of the transcriptional regulator ZFP318 is induced in germinal center (GC)-exiting memory B cell precursors and memory B cells (MBCs). Using a conditional ZFP318 fluorescence reporter that also enables ablation of ZFP318-expressing cells, we found that ZFP318-expressing MBCs were highly enriched with GC-derived cells. Although ZFP318-expressing MBCs constituted only a minority of the antigen-specific MBC compartment, their ablation severely impaired recall responses. Deletion of the Zfp318 gene did not alter the magnitude of primary responses but markedly reduced MBC participation in recall. CD40 ligation promoted Zfp318 expression whereas BCR signaling was inhibitory. Enforced ZFP318 expression enhanced recall performance of MBCs that otherwise responded poorly. ZFP318-deficient MBCs expressed less mitochondrial genes, had structurally compromised mitochondria and were susceptible to reactivation-induced cell death. The abundance of ZFP318-expressing MBCs, instead of the number of antigen-specific MBCs, correlated with the potency of prime-boost vaccination. Therefore, ZFP318 controls the MBC recallability and represents a key checkpoint of humoral immune memory.
2024-06-04 | GSE261383 | GEO
Project description:Expression of the transcriptional regulator ZFP318 is induced in germinal center (GC)-exiting memory B cell precursors and memory B cells (MBCs). Using a conditional ZFP318 fluorescence reporter that also enables ablation of ZFP318-expressing cells, we found that ZFP318-expressing MBCs were highly enriched with GC-derived cells. Although ZFP318-expressing MBCs constituted only a minority of the antigen-specific MBC compartment, their ablation severely impaired recall responses. Deletion of the Zfp318 gene did not alter the magnitude of primary responses but markedly reduced MBC participation in recall. CD40 ligation promoted Zfp318 expression whereas BCR signaling was inhibitory. Enforced ZFP318 expression enhanced recall performance of MBCs that otherwise responded poorly. ZFP318-deficient MBCs expressed less mitochondrial genes, had structurally compromised mitochondria and were susceptible to reactivation-induced cell death. The abundance of ZFP318-expressing MBCs, instead of the number of antigen-specific MBCs, correlated with the potency of prime-boost vaccination. Therefore, ZFP318 controls the MBC recallability and represents a key checkpoint of humoral immune memory.
2024-06-04 | GSE261382 | GEO
Project description:Memory B cells (MBCs) are important for efficacious antibody-based vaccines and develop via germinal center (GC)-dependent and -independent routes. We find all MBCs are not equally recallable by antigen. Zfp318, a transcription regulator of spermatogenesis and IgD expression, is not expressed in GC B cells but upregulated in MBCs. GC-derived MBCs are far more recallable than GC-independent MBCs in a Zfp318-dependent manner. Zfp318 expression is inhibited by BCR but promoted by CD40 signaling, while its levels are positively correlated with B-cell receptor affinities. Enforced Zfp318 expression markedly increases the recallability of GC-independent MBCs. Zfp318-deficient MBCs show reduced expression of mitochondrion-related genes, exhibit lower mitochondrial membrane potentials, contain more structurally compromised mitochondria, and are susceptible to activation-induced cell death. The abundance of Zfp318-expressing MBCs positively correlates with the quality of vaccine-induced antibody immunity. Therefore, Zfp318 defines the recallability of the MBC compartment and represents a key regulator of humoral immune memory.
2021-07-25 | GSE180711 | GEO
Project description:Zfp318 controls the recallability of memory B cells
| PRJNA749267 | ENA
Project description:Memory B cells (MBCs) are essential for long-lived humoral immunity. However, the transcription factors (TFs) involved in MBC differentiation are poorly defined. Here, by single cell RNAseq analysis, we identified a population of germinal center (GC) B cells in the process of differentiating into MBCs. Using an inducible Crispr/Cas9 screening approach we identified the hematopoietically-expressed homeobox gene Hhex as a transcription factor regulating MBC differentiation. The co-repressor Tle3 was also identified in the screen and was found to interact with Hhex to promote MBC development. Bcl6 directly repressed Hhex in GC B cells. Reciprocally, Hhex-deficient MBCs exhibited derepressed Bcl6 and reduced expression of Bcl6-repressed Bcl2. Overexpression of Bcl2 was able to rescue MBC differentiation in Hhex-deficient cells. We also identified Ski as an Hhex-induced transcription factor involved in MBC differentiation. These findings establish an important role for Hhex-Tle3 in regulating the transcriptional circuitry governing MBC differentiation.
2020-06-29 | GSE148805 | GEO
Project description:Memory B cells (MBCs) play a critical role in protection against homologous and variant pathogen challenge by either differentiating to plasma cells (PCs) or to germinal center (GCs) B cells. The human MBC compartment contains both switched IgG+ and unswitched IgM+ MBCs and at present the contribution of these MBC subpopulations to protection is incompletely understood. We discovered that intrinsic antigen-affinity thresholds for activation were at least 100-fold higher for IgG+ as compared to IgM+ MBCs and that IgG+ MBCs when challenged responded only to high affinity antigens and differentiated almost exclusively towards PC fates. In contrast, IgM+ MBCs were eliminated by apoptosis by high affinity antigens and responded to low affinity antigens by differentiating towards GC B cell fates. Thus, IgG+ and IgM+ MBCs may play distinct yet complementary roles in response to pathogen challenge to ensure the immediate production of high affinity antibodies to homologous and closely related challenges and the generation of variant-specific MBCs through GC reactions.
2023-10-25 | GSE215788 | GEO
Project description:Long-term humoral immunity is partly maintained by memory B cells (MBCs). MBCs can be recalled to produce antibody-producing plasma cells (PCs) or form secondary germinal centers (GCs). The former process underlies markedly increased antigen-specific antibodies seen in the secondary response, while the latter process allows continuous somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation. MBC re-participation in the GC reaction is thought to be important for generating broadly neutralizing antibodies against highly mutating viruses such as influenza and HIV. However, how MBC recall is transcriptionally or epigenetically programmed to produce secondary PCs or GCs is not yet understood. Here we show that BACH2, a transcription factor required for GC formation and maintenance1,2, decreases across post-activation stages of B cells, from the naïve state to GC, memory, and the terminal PC state. In contrast, BLIMP-1, a transcription factor that promotes PC formation3,4 and is antagonistic to BACH2 (ref. 5), increases as B cells traverse the same course. The relative strength between BLIMP-1 and BACH2 progressively increases in favor of BLIMP-1 in GCs and MBCs through the primary response. MBCs of the isotype or subset identity that preferentially give rise to secondary GCs exhibit comparatively higher BACH2 but lower BLIMP-1 expression than those predisposed for PC formation. Using a tetracycline-controlled circuit implanted in MBCs, we show that skewing the BLIMP-1-BACH2 balance in favor of BACH2 markedly increases GC formation by otherwise PC-predisposed MBCs, whereas skewing the balance in favor of BLIMP-1 drives PC formation by GC-prone MBCs, indicating that the potential for GC re-participation or PC development rests in the relative strength of BLIMP-1 over BACH2 within individual MBCs. Underneath this relative BLIMP-1-over-BACH2 strength in naïve B cells, GCs, MBCs and PCs, we observe progressively increased accessibilities to chromatin loci that are specifically opened in PCs, particularly those that contain ISRE elements and are controlled by IRF-4. IRF-4 is universally upregulated in B cells when stimulated through the BCR, the CD40 receptor, or by innate stimuli. By analyzing time-stamped GC B cells, we demonstrate a progressive increase in chromatin accessibilities at PC-specific, IRF-4-controlled gene loci over time. Our results support a model of progressive IRF-4 imprinting in which the cumulative stimulation history of B cells is epigenetically recorded in an IRF-4-dependent manner, determines the relative strength between BLIMP-1 and BACH2 in individual MBCs, and thereby dictates their individual probabilities to develop into GCs or PCs upon re-stimulation.
2024-06-04 | GSE246797 | GEO
Project description:Long-term humoral immunity is partly maintained by memory B cells (MBCs). MBCs can be recalled to produce antibody-producing plasma cells (PCs) or form secondary germinal centers (GCs). The former process underlies markedly increased antigen-specific antibodies seen in the secondary response, while the latter process allows continuous somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation. MBC re-participation in the GC reaction is thought to be important for generating broadly neutralizing antibodies against highly mutating viruses such as influenza and HIV. However, how MBC recall is transcriptionally or epigenetically programmed to produce secondary PCs or GCs is not yet understood. Here we show that BACH2, a transcription factor required for GC formation and maintenance1,2, decreases across post-activation stages of B cells, from the naïve state to GC, memory, and the terminal PC state. In contrast, BLIMP-1, a transcription factor that promotes PC formation3,4 and is antagonistic to BACH2 (ref. 5), increases as B cells traverse the same course. The relative strength between BLIMP-1 and BACH2 progressively increases in favor of BLIMP-1 in GCs and MBCs through the primary response. MBCs of the isotype or subset identity that preferentially give rise to secondary GCs exhibit comparatively higher BACH2 but lower BLIMP-1 expression than those predisposed for PC formation. Using a tetracycline-controlled circuit implanted in MBCs, we show that skewing the BLIMP-1-BACH2 balance in favor of BACH2 markedly increases GC formation by otherwise PC-predisposed MBCs, whereas skewing the balance in favor of BLIMP-1 drives PC formation by GC-prone MBCs, indicating that the potential for GC re-participation or PC development rests in the relative strength of BLIMP-1 over BACH2 within individual MBCs. Underneath this relative BLIMP-1-over-BACH2 strength in naïve B cells, GCs, MBCs and PCs, we observe progressively increased accessibilities to chromatin loci that are specifically opened in PCs, particularly those that contain ISRE elements and are controlled by IRF-4. IRF-4 is universally upregulated in B cells when stimulated through the BCR, the CD40 receptor, or by innate stimuli. By analyzing time-stamped GC B cells, we demonstrate a progressive increase in chromatin accessibilities at PC-specific, IRF-4-controlled gene loci over time. Our results support a model of progressive IRF-4 imprinting in which the cumulative stimulation history of B cells is epigenetically recorded in an IRF-4-dependent manner, determines the relative strength between BLIMP-1 and BACH2 in individual MBCs, and thereby dictates their individual probabilities to develop into GCs or PCs upon re-stimulation.
2024-06-04 | GSE246800 | GEO
Project description:Long-term humoral immunity is partly maintained by memory B cells (MBCs). MBCs can be recalled to produce antibody-producing plasma cells (PCs) or form secondary germinal centers (GCs). The former process underlies markedly increased antigen-specific antibodies seen in the secondary response, while the latter process allows continuous somatic hypermutation and affinity maturation. MBC re-participation in the GC reaction is thought to be important for generating broadly neutralizing antibodies against highly mutating viruses such as influenza and HIV. However, how MBC recall is transcriptionally or epigenetically programmed to produce secondary PCs or GCs is not yet understood. Here we show that BACH2, a transcription factor required for GC formation and maintenance1,2, decreases across post-activation stages of B cells, from the naïve state to GC, memory, and the terminal PC state. In contrast, BLIMP-1, a transcription factor that promotes PC formation3,4 and is antagonistic to BACH2 (ref. 5), increases as B cells traverse the same course. The relative strength between BLIMP-1 and BACH2 progressively increases in favor of BLIMP-1 in GCs and MBCs through the primary response. MBCs of the isotype or subset identity that preferentially give rise to secondary GCs exhibit comparatively higher BACH2 but lower BLIMP-1 expression than those predisposed for PC formation. Using a tetracycline-controlled circuit implanted in MBCs, we show that skewing the BLIMP-1-BACH2 balance in favor of BACH2 markedly increases GC formation by otherwise PC-predisposed MBCs, whereas skewing the balance in favor of BLIMP-1 drives PC formation by GC-prone MBCs, indicating that the potential for GC re-participation or PC development rests in the relative strength of BLIMP-1 over BACH2 within individual MBCs. Underneath this relative BLIMP-1-over-BACH2 strength in naïve B cells, GCs, MBCs and PCs, we observe progressively increased accessibilities to chromatin loci that are specifically opened in PCs, particularly those that contain ISRE elements and are controlled by IRF-4. IRF-4 is universally upregulated in B cells when stimulated through the BCR, the CD40 receptor, or by innate stimuli. By analyzing time-stamped GC B cells, we demonstrate a progressive increase in chromatin accessibilities at PC-specific, IRF-4-controlled gene loci over time. Our results support a model of progressive IRF-4 imprinting in which the cumulative stimulation history of B cells is epigenetically recorded in an IRF-4-dependent manner, determines the relative strength between BLIMP-1 and BACH2 in individual MBCs, and thereby dictates their individual probabilities to develop into GCs or PCs upon re-stimulation.
2024-06-04 | GSE246799 | GEO