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The spatiotemporal expression profile of ATF3 determines the fate of smooth muscle cells in abdominal aortic aneurysm development

ABSTRACT: Background: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is a catastrophic disease with little effective therapy, likely due to the limited understanding of the mechanisms underlying AAA development and progression. Activating transcription factor (ATF) 3 has been increasingly recognized as a key regulator of cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of ATF3 in AAA development and progression remains elusive. Methods: Genome-wide RNA sequencing analysis was performed on the aorta isolated from saline or Ang II-induced AAA mice, and ATF3 was identified as the potential key gene for AAA development. To examine the role of ATF3 in AAA development, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)-specific ATF3 knockdown or overexpressed mice by recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAAV9) vectors carrying ATF3, or shRNA-ATF3 with SM22α promoter were used in AngII (angiotensin II) induced AAA mice. In human and murine VSMCs, gain or loss of function experiments were performed to investigate the role of ATF3 in VSMC proliferation and apoptosis. Results: In both AngII-induced AAA mice and AAA patients, the expression of ATF3 was reduced in aneurysm tissues but increased in aortic lesion tissues. The deficiency of ATF3 in VSMC promoted AAA formation in AngII-induced AAA mice. PDGFRB was identified as the target of ATF3, which mediated VSMC proliferation in response to TNF-alpha at the early stage of AAA. ATF3 suppressed the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis at the advanced stage by upregulating its direct target BCL2. Our ChIP results also demonstrated that the recruitment of NFκB1 and P300/BAF/H3K27ac complex to the ATF3 promoter induces ATF3 transcription via enhancer activation. NFKB1 inhibitor (Andrographolide) inhibits the expression of ATF3 by blocking the recruiters NFKB1 and ATF3-enhancer to the ATF3-promoter region, ultimately leading to AAA development. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate a previously unrecognized role of ATF3 in AAA development and progression, and ATF3 may serve as a novel therapeutic and prognostic marker for AAA.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE261595 | GEO | 2024/09/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:BACKGROUND: Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are fatal cardiovascular diseases with a high mortality rate in rupture events, closely related to vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) transformation from contractile to synthetic type and extracellular matrix degradation. NFATc3 in macrophages has recently been revealed as an atherosclerosis and foam cell formation negative regulator. However, the role of NFATc3 in aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) remains unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the role of VSMC in NFATc3 in developing AAD and establishing NFATc3 as a novel target to treat AAD. METHODS: NFATc3 expression was measured in human and mouse aortic dissection and aneurysm samples. To investigate the role of VSMC-NFATc3 in AAD, we generated VSMC-specific NFATc3 knockout and knockin mice from three different murine AAD models, including proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9/ AngII (angiotensin II), β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN)/AngII models and BAPN models. The molecular mechanisms underlying NFATc3 function were investigated using RNA-seq analysis, mass spectrometry analysis, gelatin zymography, a luciferase reporter assay ChIP-qPCR, nuclear run-on assay, polyribosome profiling, coimmunoprecipitation, and mammalian 2-hybrid assay. RESULTS: We found that cytoplasmic and nuclear NFATc3 levels are elevated in human and mouse aortic dissection aneurysms. VSMC-specific NFATc3 deletion in mice reduced TAD and AAA progression, whereas VSMC-specific NFATc3 overexpression mice exhibited the opposite phenotype. VSMC-NFATc3 aggravated AAD independently of blood pressure regulation. VSMC-specific NFATc3 deletion reduces extracellular matrix degradation and maintains VSMC contractile phenotype. Mechanistically, nuclear NFATc3 specifically targeted and transcriptionally up-regulated MMP9 and MMP2, promoting extracellular matrix degradation and AAD development. We found that NFATc3 promoted VSMC phenotypic switch by binding to eEF2 and inhibiting its phosphorylation in VSMC cytoplasm, increasing protein synthesis and translational elongation, downregulating VSMC differentiation markers, and eventually exacerbating AAD development. We found that cabamiquine, a novel antimalarial agent that targets eEF2 and inhibits protein synthesis, inhibited AAD development and progression in VSMC-specific NFATc3 overexpression mice. Conclusion: Thus, VSMC-NFATc3 promotes VSMC change from contractile to synthetic type and extracellular matrix degradation, exacerbating AAD development, suggesting that VSMC-NFATc3 is a novel therapeutic target for preventing and treating AAD.

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The spatiotemporal expression profile of ATF3 determines the fate of smooth muscle cells in abdominal aortic aneurysm development

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