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BET inhibition reforms the immune microenvironment and alleviates T-cell dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

ABSTRACT: Redundant tumor microenvironment (TME) immunosuppressive mechanisms and epigenetic maintenance of terminal T-cell exhaustion greatly hinder functional anti-tumor T-cell responses in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins regulate key pathways contributing to CLL pathogenesis and TME interactions, including T-cell function and differentiation. Herein, we report that blocking BET protein function alleviates immunosuppressive networks in the CLL TME and repairs inherent T-cell defects. The pan-BET inhibitor OPN-51107 reduced exhaustion-associated cell signatures, fostering improved T-cell proliferation and effector function in patient samples and murine models of CLL. These findings establish the immunomodulatory action of BET-i on CLL T-cells and support the use of BET inhibitors in treatment strategies for CLL.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE262027 | GEO | 2024/05/21

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Immunotherapeutics represent highly promising agents with the potential to improve patient outcomes in a variety of cancer types. Unfortunately, single-agent immunotherapy has achieved limited clinical benefit to date in patients suffering from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This may be due to the presence of a uniquely immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) present in PDACs, which creates a barrier to effective immune surveillance. Critical obstacles to immunotherapy in PDAC tumors include the dense desmoplastic stroma that acts as a barrier to T-cell infiltration and the high numbers of tumor-associated immunosuppressive cells. We have identified hyperactivated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity in neoplastic PDAC cells as a significant regulator of the fibrotic and immunosuppressive TME. We found that FAK activity was elevated in human PDAC tissues and correlates with high levels of fibrosis and poor CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell infiltration. Single-agent FAK inhibition (VS-4718) dramatically limited tumor progression, resulting in a doubling of survival in the p48-Cre/LSL-KrasG12D/p53Flox/+ (KPC) mouse model of human PDAC. This alteration in tumor progression was associated with dramatically reduced tumor fibrosis, decreased numbers of tumor-infiltrating immature myeloid cells and immunosuppressive macrophages. We postulated that these desirable effects of FAK inhibition on the TME might render PDAC tumors more sensitive to immunotherapy. Accordingly, we found that VS-4718 rendered the previously unresponsive KPC mouse model responsive to anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 antagonists leading to a nearly tripling of survival times. These data suggest that FAK inhibition increases immune surveillance by overcoming the fibrotic and immunosuppressive PDAC TME thus rendering tumors more responsive to immunotherapy. We treated KP orthotopic tumor-bearing mice with vehicle and FAK inhibitor (FAKi) for 14 days, then extracted total RNA from tumor tissues.

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BET inhibition reforms the immune microenvironment and alleviates T-cell dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia

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