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Setd2 overexpression rescues bivalent gene expression during SCNT-mediated ZGA by enhancing H3K36me3 at gene bodies and excluding H3K27me3 from promoters [ChIP-seq]

ABSTRACT: Successful cloning through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) face significant challenges due to epigenetic obstacles. Recent studies have highlighted the roles of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 as potential epigenetic barriers. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In this study, we generated genome-wide maps of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 from mouse pre-implantation NT embryos. Our analysis revealed aberrant over-representation of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 bivalent in 2-cell stage NT embryos, potentially linked to the deficiency of H3K36me3. Notably, the overexpression of Setd2, a H3K36me3 methyltransferase, successfully restored multiple epigenetic marks, including H3K36me3, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3. Additionally, it reinstated the expression levels of ZGA-related genes by re-establishing H3K36me3 at gene body regions to exclude H3K27me3 from bivalent regions, and ultimately improved cloning efficiency. These findings highlight the excessive bivalent state as a potent barrier and emphasize the removal of these barriers as a promising approach to achieving higher cloning efficiency.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE262390 | GEO | 2024/06/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Epigenetic priming factors establish a permissive epigenetic landscape which is not required until a later developmental or physiological time point, temporally uncoupling the presence of these factors with their phenotypic effects. One classic example of epigenetic priming is in the context of bivalent chromatin, found in pluripotent stem cells and early embryos at key developmental gene promoters marked by both activating-associated H3K4me3 and repressive-associated H3K27me3 histone modifications. It is currently unknown how these bivalent domains are targeted, or precisely how they impact on lineage commitment. Here we show that the small heterodimerising non-enzymatic DNA binding proteins Developmental Pluripotency Associated 2 (Dppa2) and 4 (Dppa4) act as epigenetic priming factors to establish bivalency at a subset of developmental genes. Dppa2/4 localise to the +1 nucleosome position of bivalent genes and while they are not required for pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), double knockout cells fail to exit pluripotency and to differentiate efficiently, with delays in upregulating bivalently marked lineage genes. Proteomics reveal that Dppa2/4 interact on chromatin with members of the COMPASS and Polycomb complexes important for H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 deposition, respectively. Epigenetic profiling reveals a striking loss of H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and their associated enzymatic machinery at a significant subset of bivalent promoters in Dppa2/4 mutants, in addition to loss of H2A.Z and chromatin accessibility. In wild-type ESCs, these “Dppa2/4-dependent” bivalent promoters are characterised by low H3K4me3 enrichment and breadth, near-absent expression levels and initiating but not elongating RNA polymerase. Notably, Dppa2/4-dependent promoters are less evolutionarily conserved suggesting that they lack additional safeguard measures to maintain bivalency at these genes in the absence of Dppa2/4. Concomitantly with the loss of bivalency, Dppa2/4-dependent bivalent promoters gain DNA methylation and consequently are no longer able to be effectively activated upon ESC differentiation, leading to defects in cell fate acquisition. Our findings reveal a targeting principle for bivalency to developmental gene promoters poising them for future lineage specific gene activation.

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Setd2 overexpression rescues bivalent gene expression during SCNT-mediated ZGA by enhancing H3K36me3 at gene bodies and excluding H3K27me3 from promoters [ChIP-seq]

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