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Foxa-deficiency Restricts Hepatitis B Virus Biosynthesis Through Epigenic Silencing [NanoSting]

ABSTRACT: In the HBV transgenic mouse model of chronic infection, the forkhead box protein A/hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (Foxa/HNF3) family of pioneer transcription factors are required to support postnatal viral demethylation and subsequent HBV transcription and replication. Liver-specific Foxa-deficient mice with hepatic expression of only Foxa3 do not support HBV replication but display biliary epithelial hyperplasia with bridging fibrosis. However, liver-specific Foxa-deficient mice with hepatic expression of only Foxa1 or Foxa2 also successfully restrict viral transcription and replication but display only minimal alterations in liver physiology. These observations suggest that the level of Foxa activity, rather than the combination of specific Foxa genes, is a key determinant of HBV biosynthesis. Together, these findings suggest that targeting Foxa activity could lead to HBV DNA methylation and transcriptional inactivation, resulting in the resolution of chronic HBV infections which are responsible for approximately one million deaths annually worldwide.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Hepatitis B virus

PROVIDER: GSE263120 | GEO | 2024/07/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Foxa-deficiency Restricts Hepatitis B Virus Biosynthesis Through Epigenic Silencing [Bisulfite-Seq]

Project description:In the HBV transgenic mouse model of chronic infection, the forkhead box protein A/hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (Foxa/HNF3) family of pioneer transcription factors are required to support postnatal viral demethylation and subsequent HBV transcription and replication. Liver-specific Foxa-deficient mice with hepatic expression of only Foxa3 do not support HBV replication but display biliary epithelial hyperplasia with bridging fibrosis. However, liver-specific Foxa-deficient mice with hepatic expression of only Foxa1 or Foxa2 also successfully restrict viral transcription and replication but display only minimal alterations in liver physiology. These observations suggest that the level of Foxa activity, rather than the combination of specific Foxa genes, is a key determinant of HBV biosynthesis. Together, these findings suggest that targeting Foxa activity could lead to HBV DNA methylation and transcriptional inactivation, resulting in the resolution of chronic HBV infections which are responsible for approximately one million deaths annually worldwide.

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HEPATIC DEFICIENCY OF THE PIONEER TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXA RESTRICTS HEPATITIS B VIRUS BIOSYNTHESIS BY THE DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION OF VIRAL DNA METHYLATION

Project description:The FoxA family of pioneer transcription factors regulate hepatitis B virus (HBV) transcription, and hence viral replication. Hepatocyte-specific FoxA-deficiency in the HBV transgenic mouse model of chronic infection prevents the transcription of the viral DNA genome as a result of the failure of the developmentally controlled conversion of 5-methylcytosine residues to cytosine during postnatal hepatic maturation. These observations suggest that pioneer transcription factors such as FoxA, which mark genes for expression at subsequent developmental steps in the cellular differentiation program, mediate their effects by reversing the DNA methylation status of their target genes to permit their ensuing expression when the appropriate tissue-specific transcription factor combinations arise during development. Furthermore, as the FoxA-deficient HBV transgenic mice are viable, the specific developmental timing, abundance and isoform type of pioneer factor expression must permit all essential liver gene expression to occur at a level sufficient to support adequate liver function. This implies that pioneer transcription factors can recognize and mark their target genes in distinct developmental manners dependent upon, at least in part, the concentration and affinity of FoxA for its binding sites within enhancer and promoter regulatory sequence elements. This selective marking of cellular genes for expression by the FoxA pioneer factor compared to HBV may offer the opportunity for the specific silencing of HBV gene expression and hence the resolution of chronic HBV infections which annually are responsible for approximately one million deaths worldwide due to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Collapse of the hepatic gene regulatory network in the absence of FoxA factors

Project description:FoxA transcription factors are critical for liver development through their pioneering activity, which initiates a highly complex network thought to become resistant to the loss of any individual hepatic transcription factor via mutual redundancy. To investigate the dispensability of FoxA factors for this regulatory network, we ablated all FoxA genes in the adult liver. Remarkably, loss of FoxA caused a rapid and massive reduction in the expression of key liver genes back to the low levels of the fetal prehepatic endoderm stage, leading to necrosis and lethality within days. Mechanistically, we found FoxA proteins to be required for maintaining chromatin activity, nucleosome positioning and binding by other hepatic transcription factors. Thus, the hepatic gene regulatory network is dependent on the FoxA proteins throughout life.

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Foxa and Hnf4alpha targets during conversion from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to hepatocyte-like (iHep) cells and hepatocytes (Hep).

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