Effect of whole-body deletion of Gclc on the liver
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE263190 | GEO | 2024/05/29
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The rate-limiting step in glutathione (GSH) synthesis is controlled by glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit. GSH is reported to buffer oxidative stress. In the absence of GSH, the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 is reported to be stabilized. The liver has the highest levels of GSH, but its impact on liver homeostasis is unclear. To investigate this, we induced a liver-specific deletion of Gclc (Gclc f/f), Nrf2 (Nrf2 f/f), or Gclc-Nrf2 (Gclc f/f Nrf2 f/f) by injecting my via tail-vein with AAV-TBG-Cre, which induces recombination specifically in hepatocytes.
2024-05-29 | GSE263119 | GEO
Project description:Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain immune homeostasis and prevent autoimmunity. Serine can stimulate glutathione (GSH) synthesis and feeds into the one-carbon metabolic cycle essential for effector T cell (Teff) responses. However, serine’s functions, linkage to GSH, and role in stress responses in Tregs are unknown. Here we show, using mice with Treg-specific ablation of the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), that GSH loss in Tregs alters serine import and synthesis, and that the integrity of this feedback loop is critical for Treg suppressive capacity. Although Gclc-ablation does not impair Treg differentiation, the mutant mice develop severe spontaneous autoimmunity and show enhanced anti-tumor responses. Gclc-deficient Tregs exhibit increased serine metabolism, mTOR activation and proliferation but FoxP3 was downregulated. Limitation of cellular serine in vitro and in vivo restores FoxP3 expression and suppressive capacity to Gclc-deficient Tregs. Our work reveals an unexpected role for GSH in restricting serine availability to preserve Treg functionality.
2020-04-01 | GSE145311 | GEO
Project description:Cells rely on antioxidants to survive. The most abundant antioxidant is glutathione (GSH). The synthesis of GSH is non-redundantly controlled by the glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). GSH imbalance is implicated in many diseases, but the requirement for GSH in adult tissues is unclear. To interrogate this, we developed a series of in vivo models to induce Gclc deletion in adult animals. We find that GSH is essential to lipid abundance in vivo. GSH levels are reported to be highest in liver tissue, which is also a hub for lipid production. While the loss of GSH did not cause liver failure, it decreased lipogenic enzyme expression, circulating triglyceride levels, and fat stores. Mechanistically, we found that GSH promotes lipid abundance by repressing NRF2, a transcription factor induced by oxidative stress. These studies identify GSH as a fulcrum in the liver's balance of redox buffering and triglyceride production.
2024-06-03 | PXD052674 | Pride
Project description:The intestinal tract generates significant reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the role of T cell antioxidant mechanisms in maintaining intestinal homeostasis is poorly understood. We used T cell-specific ablation of the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), which impaired glutathione (GSH) production, crucially reducing IL-22 production by Th17 cells in the lamina propria, which is critical for gut protection. Under steady-state conditions, Gclc deficiency did not alter cytokine secretion; however, C. rodentium infection induced increased ROS and disrupted mitochondrial function and TFAM-driven mitochondrial gene expression, resulting in decreased cellular ATP. These changes impaired the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, reducing phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and consequently limiting IL-22 translation. The resultant low IL-22 levels led to poor bacterial clearance, severe intestinal damage, and high mortality. Our findings highlight a previously unrecognized, essential role of Th17 cell-intrinsic GSH in promoting mitochondrial function and cellular signaling for IL-22 protein synthesis, which is critical for intestinal integrity and defense against gastrointestinal infections.
2024-07-01 | GSE248348 | GEO
Project description:Glutathione (GSH) is a critical endogenous antioxidant that protects against intracellular oxidative stress. As such, pathological alterations in GSH levels are linked to a myriad of diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration and cataract. The rate limiting step in GSH biosynthesis is catalyzed by the glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC). The high expression of GCLC in the lens supports the synthesis of millimolar concentrations of GSH in this tissue. Herein, we describe the morphological consequences of deleting (knocking out) Gclc from surface ectoderm-derived ocular tissues (using the Le-Cre transgene; Gclc KO) which includes an overt microphthalmia phenotype and severely disrupted formation of multiple ocular structures (i.e., cornea, iris, lens, retina). Controlling for the Le-Cre transgene revealed that the deletion of Gclc significantly exacerbated the microphthalmia phenotype in Le-Cre hemizygous mice and resulted in dysregulated gene expression that was unique to only the lenses of KO mice. We further characterized the impaired lens development by conducting an RNA-seq experiment on KO and Gclc control (CON) mouse lens at the day of birth. RNA-sequencing revealed significant differences between Gclc knockout (KO) and Gclc control (CON) lenses, including down-regulation of crystallins and lens fiber cell identity genes, and up-regulation of lens epithelial cell identity genes. In addition, genes related to the immune system (e.g., immune system process, inflammatory response, neutrophil chemotaxis) were upregulated, and genes related to eye/lens development were downregulated. TRANSFAC analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the lens of Gclc KO mice implicated PAX6 as a key upstream regulator of Gclc KO sensitive genes. This was further supported by a strong positive correlation between the transcriptomes of the lenses of Gclc KO and Pax6 KO mice. Strikingly, the dysregulation of PAX6-regulated genes in Gclc KO mice was observed despite no change in the ocular localization of PAX6 or decrease in the expression of PAX6 in the lens. In vitro experiments demonstrated that suppression of intracellular GSH concentrations resulted in impairment of PAX6 transactivation activity. Taken together, the present results elucidate a novel mechanism wherein intracellular GSH concentrations may modulate PAX6 activity.
2021-08-23 | GSE175394 | GEO
Project description:The metabolic principles underlying the differences between follicular and marginal zone B cells (FoB and MZB, respectively) are not well understood. Here we show, by studying mice with B cell-specific ablation of the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclc), that glutathione synthesis affects homeostasis and differentiation of MZB to a larger extent than FoB, while glutathione-dependent redox control contributes to the metabolic dependencies of FoB. Specifically, Gclc ablation in FoB induces metabolic features of wild-type MZB such as increased ATP levels, glucose metabolism, mTOR activation and protein synthesis. Furthermore, Gclc-deficient FoB have a block in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) due to diminished complex I and II activity and thereby accumulate the tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolite succinate. Finally, Gclc deficiency hampers FoB activation and antibody responses in vitro and in vivo, and induces susceptibility to viral infections. In summary, Gclc is required to ensure the development of MZB, the integrity of the mitochondrial ETC in FoB and it is crucial for antibody-mediated immunity.
2022-01-25 | GSE194419 | GEO
Project description:Pancreatic cancer (Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma; PDAC) is highly resistant to chemotherapy. Effective alternative therapies have yet to emerge, and therefore, chemotherapy remains the best available systematic treatment. The discovery of safe and available adjuncts that can improve chemotherapeutic efficacy could potentially improve survival outcomes. We show that a hyperglycemic state enhances the efficacy of conventional single- and multi-agent chemotherapies against PDAC. Molecular analyses of tumors exposed to relatively high glucose levels revealed that GCLC (catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase), a key regulator of a metabolic pathway, glutathione biosynthesis, is diminished and underlies chemo-sensitization. Inhibition to GCLC phenocopied the effect of an induced hyperglycemic state in mouse models of PDAC, while rescuing the pathway abrogated the anti-tumor effects observed with chemotherapy treatment under high glucose conditions.
2022-10-18 | MTBLS6000 | MetaboLights
Project description:Long intergenic non-coding RNA 894 (LINC00894) modulates cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance in several tissue types. However, its role in brain is still unclear. Using RNA-pull down combined with mass spectrometry and RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation, EIF5 was identified to physically interact with LINC00894. Furthermore, LINC00894 knockdown decreased EIF5 protein expression, whereas LINC00894 overexpression increased EIF5 protein expression in cultured cells. Additionally, LINC00894 affected the ubiquitination modification of EIF5. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) mediated LINC00894 overexpression in the brains of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion (MCAO/R) mice and rats and inhibited the expression of activated caspase-3. Meanwhile, LINC00894 knockdown increased in the oxygen–glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) in vitro models, whereas its overexpression decreased apoptotic cells and expression of activated caspase-3. Further, LINC00894 overexpression was revealed to increase, whereas its knockdown shortened ATF4 protein half-life. LINC00894 knockdown also decreased the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and ATF4, downregulated glutathione (GSH), and the ratio of GSH to oxidized GSH (GSH: GSSG) in vitro. RNA-seq analysis combined with qRT-PCR and immunoblot showed overexpression of LINC0084 upregulated ATF4, thereby potentially targeting fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1) in the MCAO/R model. Finally, we revealed that ATF4 regulated FGF21 and ACOD1 expression by directly binding to promoters; and ectopic overexpression of FGF21 or ACOD1 in LINC00894 knockdown cells decreased activated caspase-3 expression in the OGD/R model. Our results indicated that LINC00894 regulated cerebral ischemia injury by stabilizing EIF5 and facilitating EIF5-ATF4-dependent induction of FGF21 and ACOD1
2024-06-06 | GSE268399 | GEO
Project description:Here, gene profiles in rat spermatogonial stem cell lines are compared to publicly available mouse, monkey and human spermatogonial gene profiles. Interestingly, rat spermatogonia expressed metabolic control factors Foxa1, Foxa2 and Foxa3. Germline Foxa2 was enriched in Gfra1Hi and Gfra1Low undifferentiated A-single spermatogonia. Foxa2-bound loci in spermatogonial chromatin were over-represented by conserved stemness genes (Dusp6, Gfra1, Etv5, Rest, Nanos2, Foxp1) that intersect bioinformatically with conserved glutathione/pentose phosphate metabolism genes (Tkt, Gss, Gclc, Gclm, Gpx1, Gpx4, Fth), marking elevated spermatogonial GSH:GSSG. Cystine-uptake and intracellular conversion to cysteine typically couple glutathione biosynthesis to pentose phosphate metabolism. Rat spermatogonia, curiously, displayed poor germline stem cell viability in cystine-containing media, and, like primate spermatogonia, exhibited reduced transsulfuration pathway markers. Exogenous cysteine, cysteine-like mercaptans, somatic testis cells and ferroptosis inhibitors counteracted the cysteine starvation-induced spermatogonial death and stimulated spermatogonial growth factor activity in vitro.
2020-12-17 | GSE163302 | GEO
Project description:The mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y518 generated much more intracellular glutathione (GSH) than its counterpart dose. The RNA-seq based global transcriptome analysis was performed for exploring the potential mechanisms. Statistical analysis indicated that 1125 differentially expressed genes (fold-change>=2.0, FDR<=0.001) were up-regulated and 503 were down-regulated. There were 12 genes involved in glutathione metabolism. Of which GSH1, encodes gamma-glutamine cysteine synthetase, the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis process, was up-regulated. And MET17, encodes cysteine synthase A, an enzyme catalyzes the biosynthesis of one of the precursor amino acids L- cysteine, was also up-regulated. Besides, regulator SKN7 and several genes involved in oxidative stress response (GPX2, CTT1, SOD1, TRX2) were up-regulated. Intracellular ROS level of Y518 was also enhanced compared to that of 2-10515. Our results indicate that up-regulations of GSH1 and MET17 might be associated with the increased intracellular GSH content of the mutant, and up-regulated GSH1 may be caused by increased intracellular ROS level. Saccharomyces cerevisiae mRNA profiles of 24-h wild type 2-10515 and mutant Y518 were generated by deep sequencing using Illumina HiSeqTM 2000
2014-06-07 | E-GEOD-47787 | biostudies-arrayexpress