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Heparan sulfate regulates amphiregulin programming of tissue reparative lung mesenchymal cells during influenza A virus infection in mice

ABSTRACT: Amphiregulin is an immune cell-derived growth factor that plays critical roles in tissue repair. After influenza A infection, Treg cells in the lung produce amphiregulin, which signals to a specific Col14a1-expressing subpopulation of lung mesenchymal cells (Col14-LMC) to coordinate their repair activities towards the damaged lung epithelium. Heparan sulfate is a subtype of proteoglycan that can be produced by all cells in the body, and has been implicated in altering growth factor signaling in numerous contexts. Amphiregulin has a heparan sulfate-binding domain; we sought to investigate how the inhibition of heparan sulfate on primary Col14-LMC affects their response to amphiregulin at the transcriptional level.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE263616 | GEO | 2025/02/05

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Heparan sulfate regulates amphiregulin programming of tissue reparative lung mesenchymal cells during influenza A virus infection in mice

Project description:Heparan sulfate regulates amphiregulin programming of tissue reparative lung mesenchymal cells during influenza A virus infection in mice

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Examine differential expression of sulf-1 and sulf-2, enzymes involved in heparan sulfate biosynthesis

2011-04-29 | GSE28931 | GEO

Effect of Continuous Suppression of Heparan Sulfate during Flow on Arterial Endothelial Function

Project description:The arterial endothelium’s response to its flow environment is critical to vascular homeostasis. The endothelial glycocalyx has been shown to play a major role in mechanotransduction, but the extent to which the components of the glycocalyx affect the overall function of the endothelium remains unclear. The objective of this study was to further elucidate the role of heparan sulfate as a mechanosensor on the surface of the arterial endothelium, by (1) expanding the variety of shear waveforms investigated, (2) continuously suppressing heparan sulfate expression rather than using a pre-flow batch treatment, and (3) performing microarray analysis on post-flow samples. Porcine aortic endothelial cells were exposed to non-reversing, reversing, and oscillatory shear waveforms for 24 hours with or without continuous heparan sulfate suppression with heparinase. All shear waveforms significantly increased the amount of heparan sulfate on the surface of the endothelium. Suppression of heparan sulfate to less than 25% of control levels did not inhibit shear-induced cell alignment or nitric oxide production, or alter gene expression, for any of the shear waveforms investigated. We infer that heparan sulfate on the surface of porcine aortic endothelial cells is not the primary mechanosensor for many shear-responsive endothelial cell functions in this species.

2011-07-22 | GSE30843 | GEO

Examine differential expression of sulf-1 and sulf-2, enzymes involved in heparan sulfate biosynthesis

Project description:Our specific aim is to examine differential expression of sulf-1 and sulf-2, enzymes involved in heparan sulfate biosynthesis, as well as Wnt ligands and Wnt signaling mediators during corneal wound healing using a mouse corneal scratch model. The specific structural features of heparan sulfate underlie its role in modulating cellular responses to growth factors such as the Wnts. Heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatases (sulf-1 and sulf-2) remove 6-O sulfate group from trisulfated disaccharides present on heparan sulfate chains. Our preliminary results suggest that sulf-1 is upregulated at the protein level in the epithelial cells of wounded mouse corneas, as compared to the undamaged contralateral eye. Modulation of heparan sulfate proteoglycan expression and/or structural modifications of its chains might be an important aspect of the regulation of epithelial cell migration and proliferation during wound healing. RNA preparations from four different conditions, were sent to Microarray Core (E). Gene expression was examined in triplicates at 2 time points (8 and 24 hrs post-wounding: 6 arrays), using the contralateral eye as a control at one time point as a control (3 arrays). To account for a systemic response (i.e. bilateral inflammation) to the corneal wounding, corneas of non-wounded mice (3 arrays) were used. The RNA was amplified, labeled, and hybridized to the GLYCOv3 microarrays.

2011-04-29 | E-GEOD-28931 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Effect of Continuous Suppression of Heparan Sulfate during Flow on Arterial Endothelial Function

2011-07-21 | E-GEOD-30843 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Heparan sulfate in skin wounds

2008-04-01 | GSE7435 | GEO

Heparan sulfate in skin wounds

Project description:Standardized skin wounds were established surgically on mice and allowed to heal during a 15-day period. Expression of genes related to heparan sulfate biosynthesis was studied in wound bed and edges during the healing process. Total RNA was isolated from wound edge (regenerating skin) and wound bed at 2, 6 and 15 days post wounding, as well as from intact control skin. Three animals were used for each time point.

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Heparan sulfate regulates the fate decisions of human pluripotent stem cells

Project description:Heparan sulfate (HS) is an anionic polysaccharide generated by all animal cells. Studies in model organisms have revealed some of its critical developmental roles, though HS role in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) self-renewal and differentiation is poorly understood. We, therefore, generated HS-deficient hPSCs by disrupting EXT1 glycosyltransferase. The depletion of heparan sulfate resulted in impaired differentiation of EXT1-/- cells to the mesendoderm lineage. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms behind defective ME differentiation, we further assessed the global transcriptomic profiles of wildtype (WT) and EXT1-/- hPSCs following directed differentiation. The hierarchical gene clustering showed that the upregulated genes were mainly associated with neuronal development, whereas the downregulated genes were associated with extracellular matrix organization and regulation of signal transduction. Consistent with these findings, EXT1-/- hPSCs failed to activate FGF and Nodal pathways during mesendoderm induction. These results underscore the previously unexplored roles of heparan sulfate in the Activin/Nodal pathway. Taken together, our study provides insight into the mechanistic roles of HS in hPSC fate decisions.

2024-10-19 | GSE272332 | GEO

Effect of heparan sulfate cleavage on homeostatic gene expression in microvascular endothelial cells

Project description:Heparan sulfate (HS) in the vascular endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) is a critical regulator of blood vessel homeostasis. Trauma results in HS shedding from the eGC, but the impact of HS shedding on mechanisms of vascular injury and repair has not been evaluated. The objective of this work was to characterize the effect of eGC HS shedding on the transcriptional landscape of vascular endothelial cells. In vitro work was performed using flow conditioned primary human lung microvascular ECs treated with vehicle or heparin lyase III to simulate human heparanase activity. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed to determine differentially expressed gene-enriched pathways following heparin lyase III treatment. Pathway analysis demonstrated downregulation of genes that support cell junction integrity, EC polarity, and EC senescence while upregulating genes that promote cell differentiation and proliferation following HS shedding.

2024-08-14 | GSE260628 | GEO

Heparan sulfate modifications of betaglycan promote TIMP3-dependent ectodomain shedding to fine-tune TGF-β signaling.

Project description:Betaglycan/type III TGF-β receptor (TGFBR3) is an established co-receptor for the TGF-β superfamily with direct binding demonstrated for TGF-β 1-3 and inhibin A. Betaglycan can be membrane-bound or have its ectodomain cleaved/ shed to produce soluble-betaglycan that has been demonstrated to sequester ligands. Extracellular domain of betaglycan is modified with glycosaminoglycan chains at Ser residues S534 and S545, to which heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate chains are covalently attached. To delineate the contribution of the heparan and chondroitin sulfate modifications on betaglycan on its shedding and thereby on TGF-β signaling in ovarian cancer biology, we used mutants of betaglycan with alterations to the different glycosaminoglycan modifications. We made the unexpected discovery that the heparan sulfate modifications are essential for maximum ectodomain shedding of betaglycan, which is further essential for the ability of betaglycan to suppress TGF-β signaling and the tumor cells responses to exogenous TGF-β ligand. Using unbiased transcriptomics, we identified TIMP3 as a key regulator of betaglycan shedding and thereby TGF-β signaling. Taken together, these studies are the first to demonstrate a critical link between the well-known modifications on betaglycan and TGF-β signaling responses.

2024-02-21 | GSE237403 | GEO

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