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Spatial analysis of murine lungs exposed to fibrogenic stress

ABSTRACT: Acute inflammatory exacerbations (AIEs) represent immune-driven deteriorations of many chronic lung conditions, including COPD, asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The first line of therapy is represented by broad-spectrum immunomodulation. To better study immune cell heterogeneity during AIE-PF, this work leverages a clinically relevant model of inflammatory exacerbations triggered by mutation in the alveolar epithelial type 2 cell Surfactant Protein-C gene [SP-CI73T]. SP-CI73T mice received corn oil (controls) or tamoxifen (175 mg/kg, orally) to excise a neomycin cassette placed on the surfacant protein C gene locus, hence inducing the expression of the mutant transcript. We have previously shown that a complex inflammatory response arises by 14 days post tamoxifen administration. Paraffin sections of murine lungs were therefore collected in controls and 14 days post induction. Immunofluorescence for DNA, CD45, CD68 was performed to identify macrophages (CD45+CD68+) and non-immune ("other", DNA+CD45-) cells within healthy, peri-injured and injured regions of the lung. A total of 12 regions (680um x 700um in size) were selected and macrophages and "other" cells isolated. RNA sequencing was then performed. Principal component and pathway analysis revealed spatial heterogeneity with an hyperactive peri-injured compartment (extracellular matrix remodeling, innate and adaptive immunity, senescence). Cells isolated from injured areas of the lung were relatively quiescent. These results illustrate regional heterogeneity in immune and non-immune cells of the lung during fibrogenic stress.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE264128 | GEO | 2024/07/24

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Acute inflammatory exacerbations (AIEs) represent immune-driven deteriorations of many chronic lung conditions, including COPD, asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The first line of therapy is represented by broad-spectrum immunomodulation. Among the several inflammatory populations mobilizing during AIEs, eosinophils have been identified as promising indicators of an active inflammatory exacerbation. To better study the eosinophil-parenchymal crosstalk during AIE-PF, this work leverages a clinically relevant model of inflammatory exacerbations triggered by mutation in the alveolar epithelial type 2 cell Surfactant Protein-C gene [SP-CI73T]. Unbiased single-cell sequencing analysis of controls and SP-CI73T mutants at a time coordinated with peak eosinophilia (14 d) defined heightened inflammatory activation, chemotaxis, and survival signaling (IL-6, IL-4/13, STAT3, Glucocorticoid Receptor, mTOR, and MYC) in eosinophils. To study the impact of eosinophils in inflammatory exacerbations, the SP-CI73T line was crossed with eosinophil lineage deficient mice (GATA1Δdbl, SP-CI73TGATA1KO). Time course analysis (7-42 d) demonstrated improved lung histology, survival, and reduced inflammation in SP-CI73TGATA1KO cohorts. Spectral flow cytometry of tissue digests confirmed eosinophil depletion in GATA1KO mice and the absence of a compensatory shift in neutrophils and immature monocyte recruitment. Eosinophil deletion was seen to boost accumulation of total monocyte-derived macrophages, 14 d post-injury, while declines in CD3+CD4+ lymphocyte abundance observed during SP-CI73T-induced injury were limited in SP-CI73TGATA1KO mice. Histochemical analysis 14 d post-injury revealed atypical inflammatory cell activation in SP-CI73TGATA1KO mice, with reduced numbers of Arg-1+ and iNOS+ cells, but increases in mcp1 and tgfb1 mRNA expression in BAL cells and tissue. To study corticosteroid efficacy in highly eosinophilic exacerbations, SP-CI73T mice received dexamethasone (1 mg/kg daily, i.p) starting 5 d post-induction. Dexamethasone successfully reduced total and eosinophil (CD11b+SigF+CD11c-) counts at 14 d and was linked to reduced evidence of structural damage and perivascular infiltrate. Together, these results illustrate the deleterious role of eosinophils in inflammatory events preceding lung fibrosis and demonstrate the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment in highly eosinophilic exacerbations induced by mutant SP-CI73T.

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Spatial analysis of murine lungs exposed to fibrogenic stress

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