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Global mRNA profiling reveals the effect of boron as a crop protection tool against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

ABSTRACT: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the causal agent of white mould, is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen responsible for extensive crop loss. Current control options rely heavily on the application of chemical fungicides that are becoming less effective and may lead to the development of fungal resistance. In the current study, we used a foliar spray application of boron to protect Brassica napus (canola) from S. sclerotiorum infection using whole plant infection assays. Application of boron to aerial surfaces of the canola plant reduced the number of S. sclerotiorum forming lesions by 87% compared to an untreated control. We used dual RNA sequencing to profile the effect of boron on both the host plant and fungal pathogen during the infection process. Differential gene expression analysis and gene ontology term enrichment further revealed the mode of action of a foliar boron spray at the mRNA level. A single foliar application of boron primed the plant defense response through the induction of genes associated with systemic acquired resistance while an application of boron followed by S. sclerotiorum infection induced genes associated with defense-response-related cellular signalling cascades. Additionally, in S. sclerotiorum inoculated on boron-treated B. napus, we uncovered gene activity in response to salicylic acid breakdown, consistent with salicylic-acid-dependent systemic acquired resistance induction within the host plant. Taken together, this study demonstrates that a foliar application of boron results in priming of the B. napus plant defense response, likely through systemic acquired resistance, thereby contributing to increased tolerance to S. sclerotiorum infection.

ORGANISM(S): Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Brassica napus

PROVIDER: GSE264324 | GEO | 2024/04/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: The biological control agent Pseudomonas chlororaphis PA23 is effective at protecting Brassica napus (canola) from the necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum via direct antagonism. Despite the growing importance of biocontrol bacteria in plant protection from fungal pathogens, little is known about how the host plant responds to bacterial priming on the leaf surface or about changes in gene activity genome-wide in the presence and absence of S. sclerotiorum. Results: PA23 priming of mature canola plants reduced the number of lesion forming petals by 90%. Global RNA sequencing of the host pathogen interface showed a reduction in the number of genes uniquely upregulated in response to S. sclerotiorum by 16-fold when pretreated with PA23. Upstream defense-related gene patterns suggest MAMP-triggered immunity via surface receptors detecting PA23 flagellin and peptidoglycans. Although systemic acquired resistance was induced in all treatment groups, a response centered around a glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P)-mediated pathway was exclusively observed in plants treated with PA23 alone. Activation of these defense mechanisms by PA23 involved mild reactive oxygen species production as well as pronounced thylakoid membrane structures and plastoglobule formation in leaf chloroplasts. Conclusion: Further to the direct antibiosis that it exhibits towards the pathogen S. sclerotiorum, PA23 primes defense responses in the plant through the induction of unique local and systemic defense regulatory networks. This study has shed light on the potential effects of biocontrol agents applied to the plant phyllosphere. Understanding these interactions will aid in the development of biocontrol systems as a viable alternative to chemical pesticides in the protection of important crop systems. Mature canola leaf tissue treated with combinations of PA23 or S. sclerotiorum ascospores (3 treatment groups) was compared to a water treated control (all treatments done in triplicate).

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Global mRNA profiling reveals the effect of boron as a crop protection tool against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

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