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Disrupting TSLP - TSLP receptor interactions via small molecule inhibitors yields a novel and efficient treatment option for atopic diseases

ABSTRACT: Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a key player in the pathogenesis of atopic diseases. Its pathophysiological relevance has sparked great interest in therapeutically targeting TSLP. Yet, so far, no small-mo lecule TSLP inhibitors exist due to the challenging nature of disrupting the protein-protein interaction between TSLP and its receptor. Here, we report the development of small-molecule TSLP receptor inhibitors using structure- based virtual screening and docking of >1,000,000 compounds followed by iterative chemical synthesis. BP79 emerged as our lead compound that effectively abrogates TSLP-triggered cytokine release at low micromolar concentrations. Topical application of BP79 yields efficient skin absorption followed by significant downregulation of atopy-relevant proinflammatory cytokines in immunocompetent skin disease models. For further analysis, we developed a human atopic disease drug discovery platform using microfluidic multi-organ chips. Here, topical application of BP79 onto atopic-like skin disease models that were co -cultivated with lung models in the presence of Th2 cells effectively suppressed immune cell infiltration and key atopy mediators including IL-13, IL-4, TSLP, and periostin, while upregulating skin barrier prote ins such as filaggrin. RNA-Seq analysis corroborated these findings and also indicated protective downstream effects on the lung epithelium. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of a po tent and safe small molecule TSLPR inhibitor which has the potential to expand the therapeutic and preventive options in atopic diseases. Further, it serves as a starting point for further developments in target ing TSLP as a central player of inflammation.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE264457 | GEO | 2024/05/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The ontogeny of human Langerhans cells (LCs) remains poorly characterized, in particular the nature of LC precursors and the factors that may drive LC differentiation. Through a systematic transcriptomic analysis of TSLP-activated dendritic cells (DCs), we unexpectedly identified markers that have been associated with a skin-homing potential as well as with a LC phenotype. We performed transcriptomic analysis of TSLP-activated blood DCs, as compared to freshly purified, Medium-, and TNF-activated DCs. Among TSLP up-regulated genes, we identified molecules associated with skin homing, LC phenotype, and LC function, as determined by a literature-based survey. Conversely, genes not expressed in LCs were not found among TSLP-induced genes. Further experiments showed that TGF-? synergized with TSLP leading to the differentiation of blood BDCA-1+ DCs into bona fide Birbeck granule-positive LCs. The ontogeny of human Langerhans cells (LCs) remains poorly characterized, in particular the nature of LC precursors and the factors that may drive LC differentiation. Through a systematic transcriptomic analysis of TSLP-activated dendritic cells (DCs), we unexpectedly identified markers that have been associated with a skin-homing potential as well as with a LC phenotype. We performed transcriptomic analysis of TSLP-activated blood DCs, as compared to freshly purified, Medium-, and TNF-activated DCs. Among TSLP up-regulated genes, we identified molecules associated with skin homing, LC phenotype, and LC function, as determined by a literature-based survey. Conversely, genes not expressed in LCs were not found among TSLP-induced genes. Further experiments showed that TGF-? synergized with TSLP leading to the differentiation of blood BDCA-1+ DCs into bona fide Birbeck granule-positive LCs. Dendritic cells (DC) were purified from the blood of healthy human donors. Each replicate comes from a different donor. There are 6 freshly purified samples (Control_0h), 4 DC samples cultured during 6h with no additional stimulus than the medium (Control_6h), 5 samples cultured during 6h with recombinant TSLP (Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin at 20 ng/uL) (TSLP_6h) and 3 samples cultured during 6h with recombinant TNF (Tumor necrosis factor at 20 ng/mL) (TNF_6h).

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Disrupting TSLP - TSLP receptor interactions via small molecule inhibitors yields a novel and efficient treatment option for atopic diseases

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