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The origins of IgA-secreting cells in the acinar structures of the nasal turbinates [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Nasal vaccination elicits a humoral immune response that provides protection from airborne pathogens, yet the origins and specific immune niches of antigen-specific IgA-secreting cells in the upper airways remain unknown. Here, we define glandular acinus structures of the nasal turbinates as an immunological niche that recruits IgA-secreting plasma cells from the nasal-associated lymphoid tissues (NALT) in response to intranasal vaccination. Using intact organ imaging, we investigated the cellular events that support antibody-mediated immune responses in the mouse upper airways. Through visualization of antigen-specific T and B cells in the upperairways, we demonstrate that nasal vaccination induced extensive B cell expansion in the subepithelial dome (SED) of the NALT, followed by invasion into commensal bacteria-driven chronic germinal centers (GCs) in a T cell-dependent manner. Antigen-specific B cell response in the NALT required pre-expansion of cognate T cells, which initiate the immune response in the inter-follicular regions of the NALT, and occurred effectively in the presence of Monophosphoryl-Lipid A (MPLA), a synthetic, non-toxic TLR-4 agonist. NALT ablation and blockade of PSGL-1 demonstrated that intranasal vaccination generates IgA+ plasma cells that home to the nasal turbinates through the blood circulation where they are positioned primarily around glandular acinus structures. Thus, the glandular part of the nasal turbinate is an immunological niche that hosts NALT-derived IgA-secreting cells. These cellular events can be manipulated to design vaccines against inhaled pathogens or in the treatment of upper airway allergic responses.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE264641 | GEO | 2024/08/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Streptococcus pyogenes is a major causative agent of tonsillitis or pharyngitis in children, which can lead to more invasive infections and noninfectious sequellae. S. pyogenes can persist in tonsils, while one-third of children treated with antibiotics continue to shed streptococci and have recurrent infections. Mouse nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) is functionally analogous to human oropharangeal lymphoid tissues. The innate immune responses of naïve cells from a mucosal site to S. pyogenes is not well described; therefore, we infected C57BL/6 mice intranasally with 108 CFU S. pyogenes. Transcriptional responses by NALT after S. pyogenes infection were analyzed by Affymetrix microarray and quantitative RT-PCR. Wild-type S. pyogenes induces transcription of both type I and IFN-gamma-responsive genes, pro-inflammatory genes, and acute phase response plasma proteins within 24h after infection. Invasion of NALT and the induction of the interferon response were not dependent on expression of anti-phagocytic M1 protein. However, infection with an attenuated, less invasive mutant indicated that a robust innate response by NALT is significantly influenced by intra-NALT bacterial load. Granulocytic populations of NALT, cervical lymph nodes and spleen were discriminated by characteristic surface and intracellular markers. Intranasal infection induces systemic release of neutrophils and a substantial influx of neutrophils into NALT at 24h, which decline by 48h after infection. Macrophages do not significantly increase in S. pyogenes-infected NALT. Intranasal infection of IFN-gamma -/- (GKO) C57BL/6 mice did not lead to systemic dissemination of wild type S. pyogenes, despite reduced expression of IFN-gamma-responsive mRNAs in NALT. Infected GKO mice had an unregulated influx of neutrophils into NALT compared to immunocompetant mice and mice treated with an anti-IFN-gamma antibody more rapidly cleared S. pyogenes from NALT. Thus, IFN-gamma-induced responses have a suppressive influence on early clearance of this pathogen from NALT. Keywords: disease state analysis

Project description:Streptococcus pyogenes is a major causative agent of tonsillitis or pharyngitis in children, which can lead to more invasive infections and noninfectious sequellae. S. pyogenes can persist in tonsils, while one-third of children treated with antibiotics continue to shed streptococci and have recurrent infections. Mouse nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) is functionally analogous to human oropharangeal lymphoid tissues. The innate immune responses of naÃ¯ve cells from a mucosal site to S. pyogenes is not well described; therefore, we infected C57BL/6 mice intranasally with 108 CFU S. pyogenes. Transcriptional responses by NALT after S. pyogenes infection were analyzed by Affymetrix microarray and quantitative RT-PCR. Wild-type S. pyogenes induces transcription of both type I and IFN-gamma-responsive genes, pro-inflammatory genes, and acute phase response plasma proteins within 24h after infection. Invasion of NALT and the induction of the interferon response were not dependent on expression of anti-phagocytic M1 protein. However, infection with an attenuated, less invasive mutant indicated that a robust innate response by NALT is significantly influenced by intra-NALT bacterial load. Granulocytic populations of NALT, cervical lymph nodes and spleen were discriminated by characteristic surface and intracellular markers. Intranasal infection induces systemic release of neutrophils and a substantial influx of neutrophils into NALT at 24h, which decline by 48h after infection. Macrophages do not significantly increase in S. pyogenes-infected NALT. Intranasal infection of IFN-gamma -/- (GKO) C57BL/6 mice did not lead to systemic dissemination of wild type S. pyogenes, despite reduced expression of IFN-gamma-responsive mRNAs in NALT. Infected GKO mice had an unregulated influx of neutrophils into NALT compared to immunocompetant mice and mice treated with an anti-IFN-gamma antibody more rapidly cleared S. pyogenes from NALT. Thus, IFN-gamma-induced responses have a suppressive influence on early clearance of this pathogen from NALT. Experiment Overall Design: C57BL/6 mice (6-10 weeks old), 4 per group, were infected intranasally with log-phase Streptococcus pyogenes, 2 to 4 x 10^8 CFU per 15 Âµl of pyrogen-free PBS. Sham-infected mice were administered 15 Âµl of the same PBS. Mice were infected with wild type strain 90-226 (Cue 1998), a 90-226 strain containing an in-frame deletion of M1 protein (90-226 delta emm1) (Zimmerlein 2005) or an attenuated 90-226 which lacks both M1 and SCPA proteins (90-226att). NALT was collected from mice at 24h after infection and stored in RNAlater until RNA could be purified).

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The origins of IgA-secreting cells in the acinar structures of the nasal turbinates [RNA-seq]

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