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Increased translation driven by a non-canonical EZH2 cistrome creates a synthetic vulnerability in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer (RNA-Seq polysome)

ABSTRACT: Resistance to therapy is a major challenge in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Lineage plasticity towards a neuroendocrine phenotype enables CRPC to adapt and survive targeted-therapies. However, the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic reprogramming during this process are still poorly understood. Here we show that the protein kinase PKCl/i phosphorylates the epigenetic regulator enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) to regulate its proteasomal degradation and maintain EZH2 as part of the canonical polycomb repressive complex (PRC2). Loss of PKCl/i promotes a switch during enzalutamide treatment to a non-canonical EZH2 cistrome that triggers the transcriptional activation of the translational machinery to induce a transforming growth factor b (TGFb) resistance program. The increased reliance on protein synthesis creates a synthetic vulnerability in PKCl/i-deficient CRPC.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE266954 | GEO | 2024/10/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) and androgen receptor (AR) are both crucial for the development and progression of prostate tumor, including advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Previously, it was reported that, in order to sustain tumorigenicity of prostate cancer, EZH2 has noncanonical functions in interaction with AR for mediating gene activation, in addition to its canonical role as a transcriptional repressor and enzymatic subunit of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). However, the molecular basis underlying non-canonical activities of EZH2 in prostate cancer remains far from clear, and therapeutic strategies for targeting EZH2:AR-mediated gene-activation activities are also lacking. Here, we report that a hidden transactivation domain of EZH2 (EZH2TAD) binds both AR and AR’s variants enriched in CRPCs, notably AR splice variant 7 (AR-V7), mediating the assembly and/or recruitment of a gene-activation-related complex at genomic sites that lack PRC2 binding. Such noncanonical targets of EZH2:AR/AR-V7:(co)activators are enriched for the clinically-relevant prostate oncogenes. EZH2TAD is crucial for EZH2-mediated transactivation of oncogenes and for CRPC growth in vitro and in vivo. To completely block EZH2’s multifaceted oncogenic activities in prostate cancer, we employed MS177, a recently developed proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) of EZH2. MS177 achieved on-target depletion of both EZH2’s canonical (EZH2:PRC2) and noncanonical (EZH2TAD:AR/AR-V7:coactivators) complexes in prostate tumor, eliciting much more potent antitumor effects than the existing catalytic inhibitors of EZH2. Overall, this study reports previously unappreciated requirements of EZH2TAD for mediating EZH2’s noncanonical recruitment and gene-activation functions in prostate tumor and suggests EZH2-targeting PROTACs as potentially attractive therapeutics for the treatment of aggressive prostate tumors that reply on circuits wired by EZH2 and AR.

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Increased translation driven by a non-canonical EZH2 cistrome creates a synthetic vulnerability in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer (RNA-Seq polysome)

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