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Terminal nucleotidyl transferases govern secondary siRNA production at distinct steps in plants

ABSTRACT: In this study, we aim at understanding the contributions from TUTases, HESO1 and URT1, in miRNA-targeted secondary siRNA production in Arabidopsis thaliana. We have sequenced small RNAs from various T-DNA insertation single/double/triple mutants and compared their capability of producing ectopic secondary siRNAs from endogenous miRNA targets. The DESeq analysis is also included.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE267947 | GEO | 2024/05/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Distinct and cooperative activities of HESO1 and URT1 nucleotidyl transferases in microRNA turnover in Arabidopsis

Project description:3’ uridylation is increasingly recognized as a conserved RNA modification process associated with RNA turnover in eukaryotes. 2’-O-methylation on the 3’ terminal ribose protects micro(mi)RNAs from 3’ truncation and 3’ uridylation in Arabidopsis. Previously, we identified HESO1 as the nucleotidyl transferase that uridylates most unmethylated miRNAs in vivo, but substantial 3’ tailing of miRNAs still remains in heso1 loss-of-function mutants. In this study, we found that among nine HESO1 paralogs, UTP:RNA URIDYLYLTRANSFERASE 1 (URT1) is the single most predominant nucleotidyl transferase that tails miRNAs. URT1 and HESO1 prefer substrates with different 3’ end nucleotides in vitro and act cooperatively to tail different forms of the same miRNAs in vivo. Moreover, both HESO1 and URT1 exhibit nucleotidyl transferase activity on AGO1-bound miRNAs. Although these enzymes are able to add long tails to AGO1-bound miRNAs, the tailed miRNAs remain associated with AGO1. In fact, we show that a tailed miRNA acquires the ability to trigger the production of secondary siRNAs. Therefore, 3’ uridylation could endow new properties to miRNAs in addition to its known effects in miRNA degradation.

2015-08-19 | GSE61362 | GEO

Synergistic and independent actions of multiple terminal nucleotidyl transferases in 3’ tailing of small RNAs in Arabidopsis

Project description:Small silencing RNAs are key regulators of gene expression in both plants and animals. HEN1-mediated 3’ terminal 2’-O-methylation plays a crucial role in small RNA stability control. In the absence of HEN1, small RNAs are frequently uridylated (untemplated uridine addition) and trimmed, a phenomenon that is conserved across species. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, we have discovered UTP: RNA uridylyltransferase (URT1) acts redundantly with HESO1 in the uridylation of miRNAs, in addition to its role in oligo-adenylated mRNA uridylation. We show both common and distinctive features of URT1 and HESO1 in catalyzing miRNA uridylation. non coding RNA deep sequencing

2015-07-01 | E-GEOD-60826 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Synergistic and independent actions of multiple terminal nucleotidyl transferases in 3’ tailing of small RNAs in Arabidopsis

2015-07-01 | GSE60826 | GEO

High density analysis of the tailing and trimming patterns of RISC-cleaved MYB33 and SPL13 transcripts in Arabidopsis heso1 and urt1 mutants

Project description:Using 3' RACEseq method, we compared the tailing and nibbling patterns of RISC-cleaved MYB33 and SPL13 transcripts between wild-type plants and mutant plants depleted for the terminal uridylyltransferases (TUTases) HESO1 and URT1. Our data reveal a major and minor role for HESO and URT1, respectively, in the uridylation of RISC-cleaved transcripts.

2018-10-05 | GSE115470 | GEO

Involvement of Arabidopsis TUTases in viral RNA uridylation

Project description:Using 3' RACE-seq method, we analyzed the impact of URT1 and/or HESO1 inactivation on the uridylation of GFLV, TuMV and TCV RNAs in Arabidopsis.

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NTP4 modulates miRNA accumulation via asymmetric modification of miRNA-3p/5p duplex

Project description:Arabidopsis uridylyltransferase on unmethylated sRNAs and directed their degradation. Here, the small RNA deep sequencing of the uridylyltransferase mutants of Arabidopsis were performed, which include Col-0, heso1-1, urt1-1, ntp4-1.

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Terminal nucleotidyl transferases (TENTs) in mammalian RNA metabolism.

Project description:In eukaryotes, almost all RNA species are processed at their 3' ends and most mRNAs are polyadenylated in the nucleus by canonical poly(A) polymerases. In recent years, several terminal nucleotidyl transferases (TENTs) including non-canonical poly(A) polymerases (ncPAPs) and terminal uridyl transferases (TUTases) have been discovered. In contrast to canonical polymerases, TENTs' functions are more diverse; some, especially TUTases, induce RNA decay while others, such as cytoplasmic ncPAPs, activate translationally dormant deadenylated mRNAs. The mammalian genome encodes 11 different TENTs. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the functions and mechanisms of action of these enzymes.This article is part of the theme issue '5' and 3' modifications controlling RNA degradation'.

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Determinants of substrate specificity in RNA-dependent nucleotidyl transferases.

Project description:Poly(A) polymerases were identified almost 50 years ago as enzymes that add multiple AMP residues to the 3' ends of primer RNAs without use of a template from ATP as cosubstrate and with release of pyrophosphate. Based on sequence homology of a signature motif in the catalytic domain, poly(A) polymerases were later found to belong to a superfamily of nucleotidyl transferases acting on a very diverse array of substrates. Enzymes belonging to the superfamily can add from single nucleotides of AMP, CMP or UMP to RNA, antibiotics and proteins but also homopolymers of many hundred residues to the 3' ends of RNA molecules. The recently reported structures of several nucleotidyl transferases facilitate the study of the catalytic mechanisms of these very diverse enzymes. Numerous structures of CCA-adding enzymes have now revealed all steps in the formation of a CCA tail at the 3' end of tRNAs. In addition, structures of poly(A) polymerases and uridylyl transferases are now available as binary and ternary complexes with incoming nucleotide and RNA primer. Some of these proteins undergo significant conformational changes after substrate binding. This is proposed to be an indication for an induced fit mechanism that drives substrate selection and leads to catalysis. Insights from recent structures of ternary complexes indicate an important role for the primer molecule in selecting the incoming nucleotide.

| S-EPMC2676681 | biostudies-literature

Post-transcriptional generation of miRNA variants by multiple nucleotidyl transferases contributes to miRNA transcriptome complexity (hESC)

Project description:Modification of microRNA sequences by the 3' addition of nucleotides to generate so-called “isomiRs” adds to the complexity of miRNA function, with recent reports showing that 3' modifications can influence miRNA stability and efficiency of target repression. Here we show that the 3' modification of miRNAs is a physiological and common post-transcriptional event that shows selectivity for specific miRNAs and is observed across species ranging from C. elegans to human. The modifications result predominantly from adenylation and uridylation, and are seen across tissue types, disease states, and developmental stages. To quantitatively profile 3' nucleotide additions, we developed and validated a novel assay based on NanoString Technologies' nCounter platform. For certain miRNAs, the frequency of modification was altered by processes such as cell differentiation, indicating that 3' modification is a biologically regulated process. To investigate the mechanism of 3' nucleotide additions, we used RNA interference to screen a panel of eight candidate miRNA nucleotidyl transferases for 3' miRNA modification activity in human cells. Multiple enzymes, including PAPD1, PAPD4, PAPD5, ZCCHC6, ZCCHC11, and TUT1, were found to govern 3' nucleotide addition to miRNAs in a miRNA-specific manner. Three of these enzymes–PAPD1, ZCCHC6 and TUT1–have not previously been known to modify miRNAs. Collectively, our results indicate that 3' modification observed in next generation small RNA sequencing data is a biologically relevant process, and identify enzymatic mechanisms that may lead to new approaches for modulating miRNA activity in vivo.

2011-06-15 | GSE26802 | GEO

Post-transcriptional generation of miRNA variants by multiple nucleotidyl transferases contributes to miRNA transcriptome complexity (KD)

2011-06-15 | GSE26803 | GEO

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