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Meningeal-derived retinoic acid regulates neurogenesis via suppression of Notch and Sox2 [Spatial Transcriptomics]

ABSTRACT: During development, the meninges act as a regulator of neocortical development by secreting ligands that act on neural cells to regulate neurogenesis and neuronal migration. Meninges-derived retinoic acid (RA) promotes neocortical progenitor cell cycle exit however the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we use Foxc1-mutant embryos that lack meninges-derived ligands, spatial transcriptomics, and profiling of retinoic-acid receptor-a (RARa) DNA binding to identify the neurogenic transcriptional mechanisms of RA signaling in cortical neural progenitors. We determined that meningeal-derived RA controls neurogenesis by suppressing self-renewal pathways Notch signaling and the transcription factor Sox2. We show that RARα binds in the Sox2ot promoter, a long non-coding RNA that regulates Sox2 expression, and RA promotes Sox2ot expression in neocortical progenitors. Our findings elucidate a previously unknown mechanism of howmeningeal RA coordinates neocortical development and insight into how defects in meningeal develop can cause neurodevelopmental disorders.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE269283 | GEO | 2024/09/25

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Meningeal-derived retinoic acid regulates neurogenesis via suppression of Notch and Sox2 [CUT&Run]

Project description:During development, the meninges act as a regulator of neocortical development by secreting ligands that act on neural cells to regulate neurogenesis and neuronal migration. Meninges-derived retinoic acid (RA) promotes neocortical progenitor cell cycle exit however the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here, we use Foxc1-mutant embryos that lack meninges-derived ligands, spatial transcriptomics, and profiling of retinoic-acid receptor-a (RARa) DNA binding to identify the neurogenic transcriptional mechanisms of RA signaling in cortical neural progenitors. We determined that meningeal-derived RA controls neurogenesis by suppressing self-renewal pathways Notch signaling and the transcription factor Sox2. We show that RARα binds in the Sox2ot promoter, a long non-coding RNA that regulates Sox2 expression, and RA promotes Sox2ot expression in neocortical progenitors. Our findings elucidate a previously unknown mechanism of howmeningeal RA coordinates neocortical development and insight into how defects in meningeal develop can cause neurodevelopmental disorders.

2024-09-25 | GSE269282 | GEO

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Meningeal-derived retinoic acid regulates neurogenesis via suppression of Notch and Sox2

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Meningeal-derived retinoic acid regulates neurogenesis via suppression of Notch and Sox2 [CUT&Run]

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Meningeal-derived retinoic acid regulates neurogenesis via suppression of Notch and Sox2 [Spatial Transcriptomics]

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Infection drives long-term meningeal engraftment by inflammatory monocytes that impair central nervous system immunity [I]

Project description:Tissue-resident macrophages have an embryonic origin, but are replenished under steady state conditions in some tissues by blood monocytes that can adopt genotypic and phenotypic features of the residents. However, little is known about the residency and functional properties of infiltrating macrophages after an inflammatory challenge. The meninges of the central nervous system (CNS) are populated by a dense network of specialized macrophages that act as resident immune sentinels. Here we show that following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection resident meningeal macrophages become activated by innate inflammatory cytokines, acquire viral antigen, and interact directly with infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), which leads to their depletion. Concurrently, the meninges are heavily infiltrated by peripherally-derived inflammatory monocytes that engraft the meningeal niche and remain in situ for months after viral clearance. This engraftment leads to phenotypic and functional changes in the pool of resident meningeal macrophages that depends in part on IFNγ signaling. These changes include loss of bacterial and immunoregulatory sensors that impede subsequent CNS immune reactions. Collectively, these data indicate that peripheral monocytes can engraft the meninges after an inflammatory challenge, imprinting the compartment with long-term defects in immune function.

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Infection drives long-term meningeal engraftment by inflammatory monocytes that impair central nervous system immunity [II]

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CNS antigen-specific control of early B-lineage development in the meninges

Project description:In this work we report that early developing B cells present in the meninges of mice at all ages. Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis revealed a consecutive trajectory of meningeal developing B cells in mice and non-human primates (NHPs). Parabiosis together with lineage tracing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) showed that meningeal developing B cells are continuously replenished from the HSC-derived progenitors via a circulation-independent route. Importantly, autoreactive immature B cells which recognize myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a central nervous system (CNS)-specific antigen, are eliminated from the meninges but not BM. Furthermore, genetic deletion of MOG tolerated the development/presence/residence of self-reactive B cells in the meninges. Thus, we propose that meninges function as a unique reservoir for B cell development, allowing in situ negative selection of CNS-antigen-autoreactive B cell clones to ensure a local non-self-reactive immune repertoire.

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