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COL10A1 expression distinguishes a subset of cancer-associated fibroblasts present in the stroma of high-risk basal cell carcinoma

ABSTRACT: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequently diagnosed skin cancer and the most common malignancy in humans. Different morphological subtypes of BCC are associated with low- or high-risk of recurrence and aggressiveness, but the underlying biology of how the individual subtypes arise remains largely unknown. Because the majority of BCCs appear to arise from mutations in the same pathway, we hypothesized that BCC development, growth and invasive potential is also influenced by the tumor microenvironment and in particular by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and their secreted factors. In this work, we aimed to characterize the stroma of the different BCC subtypes with a focus on CAF populations. To investigate the stromal features of the different BCC subtypes, we applied laser-capture microdissection (LCM) followed by RNA sequencing. A cohort of 15 BCC samples from 5 different “pure” subtypes (superficial, nodular, micronodular, sclerosing and basosquamous; n=3 each) were selected and included in the analysis. Healthy skin was used as a control (n=6). We show that the stroma of the different BCC subtypes have distinct gene expression signatures. Nodular and micronodular seem to have the most similar signatures, while superficial and sclerosing the most different. By comparing low- and high-risk BCC subtypes, we observed that Collagen 10A1 (COL10A1) is overexpressed in the stroma of sclerosing/infiltrative and basosquamous but not micronodular high-risk subtypes. Those findings were confirmed by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 89 different BCC and 13 healthy skin samples. Moreover, scRNAseq analysis of BCCs of two independent datasets showed that the COL10A1-expressing population of cells is associated with the stroma adjacent to invasive BCC and shows extracellular matrix remodeling features.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE269601 | GEO | 2024/07/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Hair follicles (HF) and BCCs can be regarded as ordered and disordered skin appendages respectively and may utilize similar molecular mechanisms of growth. We wanted to examine the similarities and differences in gene expression patterns between BCCs and HF to define common growth mechanisms and gene expression patterns that distinguish an ordered skin appendage from a disordered skin growth. Nodular BCCs (n= 8) and non-follicular skin epithelium (n=8) were obtained. Scalp hair follicle root sheath was micro dissected from between the sebaceous gland duct and the lower one third of the HF (n=7). Microarray analysis was performed using 21K cDNA arrays and selected genes were validated using qPCR and histochemistry staining. Two differentially expressed gene sets were identified by significance analysis of microarray (SAM) in BCC and HF verses skin epithelium respectively. Based on these two lists, we conducted multiple signaling pathway analyses. The results indicated that Notch, hedgehog, and WNT signaling pathways were involved in regulating formation of both HF and BCCs. However, Notch signaling, including tumor suppressor genes Notch 1, Notch 2, Jagged ligands (JAG 1, 2), notch signaling inhibitor NUMB, Lunatic Fringe (LFNG), Deltex proteins (DTX 1, 2) which serve as important signaling components downstream of Notch, and Notch target genes HES1 ,RBPSUHL, hairless protein and HES7, all showed selective differential activation in BCCs compared to HF. The components of the notch signaling pathway may be potential new targets in the development of new therapeutic approaches to BCCs. samples of human hair follicles (n=7) were collected from scalp biopsies of normal individuals undergoing cosmetic procedures while nodular BCCs (n=8) and normal skin (n=8) were obtained from patients undergoing surgical resection. Only patients that had not been treated with preoperative chemotherapy or other therapeutic approaches were selected. All samples were provided by the Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia with approval from the University Clinical Research Ethics Board. Hair follicles were microdissected to remove the lower one third, including the hair bulb, leaving the root sheaths including the bulge region. Normal skin samples were microdissected to isolate skin epithelium from the dermal component. All nodular BCC samples and normal skin epithelium were taken from the facial area of donors. Collected samples were immediately stored in an RNA stabilization reagent (Qiagen Inc, Mississauga, ON). BCC morphological subtypes were described and clinically classified during surgery and clinical diagnoses were confirmed by formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded histological assessment of the tumors. Human Operon v.2.1 (21K) glass arrays were produced (based on human 70mers from Operon Biotechnologies Inc, Huntsville, AL) by the Microarray Facility of the Prostate Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada [17, 18]. RNAs were amplified using the SenseAmp Plus kit (Genisphere Inc, Hatfield, PA). The calculated A 260/280 ratio was used to determine the appropriate amount of sense RNA for labeling. Total RNA from test samples and universal human reference RNA (Stratagene, Cedar Creek, TX) were differentially labeled with Cy5 and Cy3 respectively, with the 3DNA array detection 350 kit (Genisphere Inc, Hatfield, PA) and cohybridized to cDNA microarrays. Following overnight hybridization and washing, arrays were imaged using a ScanArray Express scanner (PerkinElmer, Boston, MA).

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COL10A1 expression distinguishes a subset of cancer-associated fibroblasts present in the stroma of high-risk basal cell carcinoma

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