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Identification of resistance mechanisms to small-molecule inhibition of YAP/TEAD-regulated transcription [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: The Hippo tumour suppressor pathway controls transcription by regulating nuclear abundance of YAP and TAZ, which activate transcription with the TEAD1-TEAD4 DNA-binding proteins. Recently, several small-molecule inhibitors of YAP and TEADs have been reported, with some now entering clinical trials for different cancers. Here, we investigated the cellular response to TEAD palmitoylation inhibitors, using genomic and genetic strategies. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens revealed that mutations in genes from the Hippo, MAPK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways all modulate the cellular response to TEAD inhibition. Inhibition of TEAD palmitoylation strongly reduced YAP/TEAD target expression, whilst only mildly impacting YAP/TEAD genome binding. Additionally, expression of MAPK pathway genes was induced upon inhibition of TEAD palmitoylation, which coincided with YAP/TEAD redistribution to AP-1 transcription factor binding sites. Consistent with this, combined inhibition of TEAD and the MAPK protein MEK, synergistically blocked proliferation of several mesothelioma and lung cancer cell lines and more potently reduced the growth of patient-derived lung cancers in vivo. Collectively, we reveal mechanisms by which cells can overcome small-molecule inhibition of TEAD palmitoylation and potential strategies to enhance the anti-tumor activity of emerging Hippo pathway targeted therapies.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE269899 | GEO | 2024/07/08

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Regulation of organ size is important for development and tissue homeostasis. In Drosophila, Hippo signaling controls organ size by regulating the activity of a TEAD transcription factor, Scalloped, through modulation of its coactivator protein Yki. The role of mammalian Tead proteins in growth regulation, however, remains unknown. Here we examined the role of mouse Tead proteins in growth regulation. In NIH3T3 cells, cell density and Hippo signaling regulated the activity of Tead proteins by modulating nuclear localization of a Yki homologue, Yap, and the resulting change in Tead activity altered cell proliferation. Tead2-VP16 mimicked Yap overexpression, including increased cell proliferation, reduced cell death, promotion of EMT, lack of cell contact inhibition, and promotion of tumor formation. Growth promoting activities of various Yap mutants correlated with their Tead-coactivator activities. Tead2-VP16 and Yap regulated largely overlapping sets of genes. However, only a few of the Tead/Yapregulated genes in NIH3T3 cells were affected in Tead1-/-;Tead2-/- or Yap-/- embryos. Most of the previously identified Yap-regulated genes were not affected in NIH3T3 cells or mutant mice. In embryos, levels of nuclear Yap and Tead1 varied depending on cell types. Strong nuclear accumulation of Yap and Tead1 were seen in myocardium, correlating with requirements of Tead1 for proliferation. However, their distribution did not always correlate with proliferation. Taken together, mammalian Tead proteins regulate cell proliferation and contact inhibition as a transcriptional mediator of Hippo signaling, but the mechanisms by which Tead/Yap regulate cell proliferation differ depending on cell types, and Tead, Yap and Hippo signaling may play multiple roles in mouse embryos. We used microarrays to know the gene expression profiles regurated by Tead2-VP16, Tead2-EnR, Yap, and cell density in NIH3T3 cells. Keywords: Cell density, genetic modification Tead2-VP16-, Tead2-EnR-, Yap- and control vector-expressing cells were cultured at low or high density for RNA extraction and hybridization on Affymetrix microarrays.

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Identification of resistance mechanisms to small-molecule inhibition of YAP/TEAD-regulated transcription [RNA-seq]

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