Study on the functional mechanism of NOP2 in regulating lung cancer development
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE270282 | GEO | 2024/06/20
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:5-Methylcytosine (m5C) is a base modification broadly found on a variety on coding and non-coding RNAs in the human transcriptome. In eukaryotes m5C is catalyzed by enzymes of the NOL1/NOP2/SUN domain (NSUN) family, which is composed of seven members in humans (NSUN1-7). NOP2/NSUN1, a member of this family, has been mostly characterized in budding yeast as an essential ribosome biogenesis factor required for the deposition of m5C at position C2870 of the 25S rRNA. Although human NOP2/NSUN1 has been known to be an oncogene overexpressed in several types of cancer for decades, its functions remain poorly characterized. To better define the roles of NOP2/NSUN1 in human cells, we used an adapted genome-wide methylation of individual-nucleotide-resolution crosslinking and immunoprecipitation-sequencing (miCLIP-seq) approach to identify its RNA methylation targets. Our analysis revealed that vault RNA 1.2 (vtRNA1.2) and 28S rRNA are NOP2/NSUN1-specific methylated targets. In addition, NOP2/NSUN1 predominantly binds to rRNA, followed by C/D box snoRNA, and other ncRNAs. Together, our data provided a genome-wide spectrum of NOP2/NSUN1 binding RNA and methylated target RNA for understanding the function of human NOP2/NSUN1.
2021-11-15 | GSE188735 | GEO
Project description:Mitochondria are essential regulators of innate immunity. They generate long double-stranded RNAs (mt-dsRNAs) and release them to the cytosol to trigger immune response under pathological stress conditions. Yet, the regulation of these self-immunogenic RNAs remains largely unknown. Here, we employ CRISPR screening on RNA-binding proteins residing in mitochondria and identify NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 4 (NSUN4) as a key regulator of mt-dsRNA expression. We find that NSUN4 induces 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification on mitochondrial RNAs, especially on the termini of light-strand long noncoding RNAs. These m5C-modified RNAs are recognized by complement C1q binding protein (C1QBP), which recruits polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase to facilitate RNA turnover. Suppression of NSUN4 or C1QBP results in increased mt-dsRNA expression while C1QBP deficiency also leads to increased cytosolic mt-dsRNAs and subsequent immune activation. Collectively, our study unveils the mechanism underlying the selective degradation of light-strand mitochondrial RNAs and establishes a molecular mark for mitochondrial RNA decay and cytosolic release.
2024-08-16 | GSE246026 | GEO
Project description:The modification and recognition of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) are involved in the initiation and progression of various tumor types. However, the precise role and potential mechanism of Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Here, we found that YBX1 was frequently upregulated in ESCC compared with matched nontumor tissues. Gain- and loss-of-function assays showed that YBX1 promoted the proliferation and metastasis of ESCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Functional studies revealed that NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase family member 2 (NSUN2) is a critical RNA methyltransferase that facilitates YBX1-mediated ESCC progression. Mechanistically, integrated analysis based on RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) and m5C methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing (MeRIP-seq) assays identified spermine oxidase (SMOX) as a target gene containing an m5C site in its coding sequence (CDS) region, which coincided well with the binding site of YBX1. Overexpression of SMOX-WT but not SMOX-Mut partially restored the proliferation and invasion ability of ESCC cells curbed by YBX1 knockdown. Moreover, YBX1 activated the mTORC1 signaling pathway by stabilizing SMOX mRNA. Our study revealed that YBX1 promotes ESCC development by stabilizing SMOX mRNA in an m5C-dependent manner, thus providing a valuable therapeutic target for ESCC.
2024-06-05 | GSE249045 | GEO
Project description:5-methylcytosine (m5C) RNA modification installed by methyltransferase NSUN2 regulates gene expression and cell fate. Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in children. However, the functional role of m5C modification in retinoblastoma remains unclear. Here, we show that 5-methylcytosine significantly promotes the progression of retinoblastoma. Retinoblastoma samples showed increased m5C levels, indicating a poor prognosis. Changes in global m5C modification were highly associated with tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, NSUN2 stabilized the methylated PFAS mRNA, a tumor promoter in retinoblastoma. Our work uncovers a critical function for m5C methylation in retinoblastoma and provides additional insight into the understanding of m5C modification.
2022-10-07 | GSE214685 | GEO
Project description:5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification ubiquitously occurs on mammalian mRNAs and plays important roles in multiple biological processes. Currently, the role of m5C in cancer initiation and progression is gaining more and more research attention, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. As an m5C methyltransferase with unique mRNA catalytic activity, NSUN2 was found to be highly expressed in multiple cancers including gastric, bladder, gallbladder, and breast cancers, suggesting NSUN2 might exert oncogenic properties through affecting m5C levels in cancer cells. Therefore, to understand the potential roles of RNA m5C modification in tumorigenesis of cervical cancer, we established NSUN2 stable knockdown CaSki cell, and perform RNA-seq and RNA-BisSeq to figure out the possible pathway involved in cervical cancer development.
2021-09-24 | GSE184621 | GEO
Project description:Multiple epitranscriptomic maps of the RNA modification 5-methylcytosine (m5C) have been prepared, often diverging markedly from each other in terms of site abundance and identity. Differences in detection methods, data depth and analysis pipelines, but also biological factors underly much of this disparity. To address this, we re-analysed available datasets from five human cell lines and seven tissues, generated by the prevailing bisulfite RNA sequencing method, with a coherent m5C site calling pipeline. We used the resulting union list of 6,393 m5C sites called across the broader transcriptome to study site distribution, enzymology, interaction with RNA-binding proteins and molecular function. We confirmed prior observations such as predominance of m5C sites within mRNA exons, enrichment around start codons, and that the tRNA:m5C methyltransferases (MTases) NSUN2 and 6 are the main m5C ‘writers’ for mRNAs. Each NSUN enzyme recognises mRNA features that strongly resemble their respective canonical substrates. Assessing proximity between mRNA m5C sites and footprints of RNA-binding proteins reconfirmed the mRNA export factor ALYREF as an m5C ‘reader’ and identified new candidates for functional interactions, including the RNA helicases DDX3X, involved in mRNA translation, and UPF1, an mRNA decay factor. Experiments in HeLa cells lacking NSUN2 showed that this affected both, steady-state level and UPF1-binding to target mRNAs. Our studies emphasise the emerging diversity of both, m5C writers and readers, affecting mRNA function.
2024-07-04 | GSE252369 | GEO
Project description:5-methylcytosine (m5C) is emerging as an important epi-transcriptome modification involving RNA stability and translation efficiency in various biological processes. However, it remains unclear how m5C contributes to the dynamic regulation of transcriptome during the development of Plasmodium. Here, we identified the presence of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification in rodent (P. yoelii) and human (P. falciparum) malaria parasites transcriptome and depicted a comprehensive characterization landscape of m5C mRNA modification at single-nucleotide resolution (RNA-BisSeq) from asexual replicating stage to gametocyte development. Through transcriptome-wide profiling of mRNA m5C modification, we found that m5C modified mRNA displayed higher stability than non-m5C modified mRNA during the development of Plasmodium. We identified Plasmodium ortholog of NSUN2 as an mRNA m5C methyltransferase in malaria parasites. LC–MS/MS and RNA-BisSeq analysis revealed a large decrease in mRNA m5C modification at transcriptome-wide level upon Nsun2 knockout. Absence of Nsun2 severely reduced gametocyte production in either rodent (P. yoelii) or human (P. falciparum) malaria parasites. Meanwhile, some genes related to gametocytogenesis displayed a great reduction of m5C modification. Together, our data provides comprehensive mRNA m5C profiles in Plasmodium genus and reveals m5C modification-mediated mRNA stability as a novel mechanism regulating sexual differentiation of a unicellular eukaryote.
2022-02-08 | GSE159125 | GEO
Project description:5-methylcytosine (m5C) is emerging as an important epi-transcriptome modification involving RNA stability and translation efficiency in various biological processes. However, it remains unclear how m5C contributes to the dynamic regulation of transcriptome during the development of Plasmodium. Here, we identified the presence of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification in rodent (P. yoelii) and human (P. falciparum) malaria parasites transcriptome and depicted a comprehensive characterization landscape of m5C mRNA modification at single-nucleotide resolution (RNA-BisSeq) from asexual replicating stage to gametocyte development. Through transcriptome-wide profiling of mRNA m5C modification, we found that m5C modified mRNA displayed higher stability than non-m5C modified mRNA during the development of Plasmodium. We identified Plasmodium ortholog of NSUN2 as an mRNA m5C methyltransferase in malaria parasites. LC–MS/MS and RNA-BisSeq analysis revealed a large decrease in mRNA m5C modification at transcriptome-wide level upon Nsun2 knockout. Absence of Nsun2 severely reduced gametocyte production in either rodent (P. yoelii) or human (P. falciparum) malaria parasites. Meanwhile, some genes related to gametocytogenesis displayed a great reduction of m5C modification. Together, our data provides comprehensive mRNA m5C profiles in Plasmodium genus and reveals m5C modification-mediated mRNA stability as a novel mechanism regulating sexual differentiation of a unicellular eukaryote.
2022-02-08 | GSE159124 | GEO
Project description:5-methylcytosine (m5C) is emerging as an important epi-transcriptome modification involving RNA stability and translation efficiency in various biological processes. However, it remains unclear how m5C contributes to the dynamic regulation of transcriptome during the development of Plasmodium. Here, we identified the presence of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification in rodent (P. yoelii) and human (P. falciparum) malaria parasites transcriptome and depicted a comprehensive characterization landscape of m5C mRNA modification at single-nucleotide resolution (RNA-BisSeq) from asexual replicating stage to gametocyte development. Through transcriptome-wide profiling of mRNA m5C modification, we found that m5C modified mRNA displayed higher stability than non-m5C modified mRNA during the development of Plasmodium. We identified Plasmodium ortholog of NSUN2 as an mRNA m5C methyltransferase in malaria parasites. LC–MS/MS and RNA-BisSeq analysis revealed a large decrease in mRNA m5C modification at transcriptome-wide level upon Nsun2 knockout. Absence of Nsun2 severely reduced gametocyte production in either rodent (P. yoelii) or human (P. falciparum) malaria parasites. Meanwhile, some genes related to gametocytogenesis displayed a great reduction of m5C modification. Together, our data provides comprehensive mRNA m5C profiles in Plasmodium genus and reveals m5C modification-mediated mRNA stability as a novel mechanism regulating sexual differentiation of a unicellular eukaryote.
2022-02-08 | GSE159126 | GEO
Project description:In order to fulfil a wide range of cellular functions, RNA molecules contain, in addition to the four canonical bases, a large number of chemically modified structures. Among those, the methylation of carbon-5 of cytosines (m5C) is an abundant, widespread mark in different classes of RNAs. m5C is catalysed by DNMT2 and by seven members of the NSUN family of enzymes. While some m5C-methyltransferases have been studied individually and implicated in phenotypes observed in organisms ranging from yeast to humans, it remains unclear how the m5C methylome acts to sustain development in homeostasis and stress. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism, we developed the first organism devoid of detectable m5C in RNA, providing strong evidence that this modification and its derivatives are non-essential for the nematode’s development and fertility under standard laboratory conditions. We further used this genetic tool to determine the localisation of m5C sites in different RNA classes, and showed that NSUN-4 acts as a multisite-specific tRNA/rRNA methyltransferase in the mitochondria. In addition, we show that m5C is required for adaptation to temperature changes, as animals devoid of this modification present temperature-sensitive fertility defects. At the molecular level, we show that loss of m5C leads to increased ribosome pausing at triplets encoding for leucine and proline, the most frequently methylated tRNA isoacceptors in C. elegans. This is correlated with reduced translation efficiency of transcripts enriched in these amino acids. Finally, we found translation of Leu-UUG codons to be the most strongly affected upon heat shock, suggesting a role of m5C wobble methylation in the adaptation to heat stress.
2020-06-30 | GSE146256 | GEO