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Knockdown of FAF2 Prevents Alcohol-Induced Steatosis in Mouse Liver

ABSTRACT: Alcohol is metabolized in the liver, and chronic consumption can lead to inflammation, scarring, and damage to liver cells. The pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), a complicated condition, is characterized by a succession of histopathological alterations that occur through a multistep and multifactorial process. FAF2/UBXD8/ETEA is a ubiquitin ligase adaptor protein and plays a crucial role in the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Recent GWAS study indicated that FAF2 was associated with ALD, but the exact function of FAF2 in ALD has not been identified yet. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of FAF2 in ALD.Our study revealed a noteworthy rise in hepatic FAF2 protein expression among individuals with ALD and mice subjected to chronic-plus-single binge ethanol feeding. The suppression of FAF2 in mice liver provided protection against alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE270659 | GEO | 2025/02/26

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Alcohol consumption induces hepatocyte damage through complex processes involving oxidative stress and disrupted metabolism. Combined, these factors alter proteomic and epigenetic marks providing a critical opportunity to identify therapeutic targets. Indeed, alcohol-induced protein acetylation is a key post-translational modification (PTM) that regulates hepatic metabolism and is associated with the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Interestingly, recent evidence suggests lysine acetylation occurs when a proximal cysteine residue is within ~15 Å of a lysine residue, referred to as a cysteine-lysine (Cys-Lys) pair. Here, acetylation can occur through the transfer of an acetyl moiety via an S à N acetyl transfer reaction. Alcohol-mediated hepatic redox stress is known to occur coincident with lysine acetylation, but the biochemical mechanisms related to cysteine and lysine crosstalk within ALD remain unexplored. A chronic murine model of ALD was employed to quantify hepatic cysteine redox and lysine acetylation, revealing that alcohol metabolism significantly reduced the cysteine proteome and increased protein acetylation. Interrogating both cysteine redox and lysine acetylation datasets, 1,281 proteins were mapped by AlphaFold2 to quantify distances between 557,815 cysteine and lysine residues. This process identified 388,698 Cys-Lys pairs that were further used to evaluate thiol redox signaling. Our analysis reveals that alcohol metabolism induces redox changes and acetylation selectively on proximal Cys-Lys pairs with an odds ratio of 1.89 (p< 0.0001). We also identified key redox signaling hubs embedded in metabolic pathways associated with ALD, including lipid metabolism, the TCA cycle, and the electron transport chain. Specific protein targets embedded across these pathways include Echs1, Glrx5, Decr2, and Adh1, among many others. Interestingly, these proximal Cys-Lys exist as four major protein motifs represented by the number of Cys and Lys residues that are pairing (Cysx-Lysx). These motifs include Cys1:Lys1, Cysx:Lys1, Cys1:Lysx and Cysx:Lysx each with a unique microenvironment likely indicative of the mode of enzymatic regulation occurring. The motifs are composed of functionally relevant amino acids altered within ALD, identifying sites of therapeutic potential. Furthermore, these unique Cys-Lys redox signatures are translationally relevant as revealed by orthologous comparison with severe alcohol-associated hepatitis (SAH) explants, revealing numerous pathogenic thiol redox signals in these patients.

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Knockdown of FAF2 Prevents Alcohol-Induced Steatosis in Mouse Liver

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