Acetate is a driver of quiescence in ovarian cancer
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE271035 | GEO | 2024/10/16
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:Histone acetylation, a post-translational modification associated with transcriptional activation, is governed by nuclear acetyl-CoA pools that can vary depending on the metabolic state of the cell. The metabolic enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) is proposed to regulate nuclear acetyl-CoA levels, using local acetate to produce acetyl-CoA that is utilized for histone acetylation. We hypothesize that during gene activation, a local transfer of intact acetate occurs between histones to upregulate transcription via sequential action of epigenetic and metabolic enzymes. Here we present converging lines of evidence in support of this acetate transfer to serve rapid gene induction. Using stable isotope labeling, we detect local transfer of intact acetate between histone acetylation sites both in vitro using purified mammalian enzymes and in vivo using quiescence exit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a change-of-state model. We delineate the enzymatic components required for this transfer mechanism, finding that ACSS2, histone deacetylase and histone acetyltransferase enzymes are necessary for efficient acetyl-group transfer in vitro. We show that Acs2, the yeast orthologue of ACSS2, is recruited to the genome during quiescence exit, and observe dynamic changes of histone acetylation in the vicinity of Acs2 peaks in vivo. Strikingly, we find that Acs2 is preferentially associated with the most upregulated growth genes, suggesting that acetyl-group transfer might play an important role in increased gene expression. Overall, our data reveal direct transfer of acetate between histone lysine residues to facilitate rapid transcriptional induction, an exchange that may be critical during metabolic alterations and changes in nutrient availability.
2022-01-21 | GSE189444 | GEO
Project description:Histone acetylation, a post-translational modification associated with transcriptional activation, is governed by nuclear acetyl-CoA pools that can vary depending on the metabolic state of the cell. The metabolic enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) is proposed to regulate nuclear acetyl-CoA levels, using local acetate to produce acetyl-CoA that is utilized for histone acetylation. We hypothesize that during gene activation, a local transfer of intact acetate occurs between histones to upregulate transcription via sequential action of epigenetic and metabolic enzymes. Here we present converging lines of evidence in support of this acetate transfer to serve rapid gene induction. Using stable isotope labeling, we detect local transfer of intact acetate between histone acetylation sites both in vitro using purified mammalian enzymes and in vivo using quiescence exit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a change-of-state model. We delineate the enzymatic components required for this transfer mechanism, finding that ACSS2, histone deacetylase and histone acetyltransferase enzymes are necessary for efficient acetyl-group transfer in vitro. We show that Acs2, the yeast orthologue of ACSS2, is recruited to the genome during quiescence exit, and observe dynamic changes of histone acetylation in the vicinity of Acs2 peaks in vivo. Strikingly, we find that Acs2 is preferentially associated with the most upregulated growth genes, suggesting that acetyl-group transfer might play an important role in increased gene expression. Overall, our data reveal direct transfer of acetate between histone lysine residues to facilitate rapid transcriptional induction, an exchange that may be critical during metabolic alterations and changes in nutrient availability.
2022-01-21 | GSE189445 | GEO
Project description:Coordination of cellular metabolism is essential for optimal T cell responses. Here, we identify cytosolic acetyl-CoA production as an essential metabolic node for CD8 T cell function in vivo. We show that CD8 T cell responses to infection depend on acetyl-CoA derived from citrate via the enzyme ATP citrate lyase (ACLY). However, ablation of ACLY triggers an alternative, acetate-dependent pathway for acetyl-CoA production mediated by acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 2 (ACSS2). Mechanistically, acetate fuels both the TCA cycle and cytosolic acetyl-CoA production, impacting T cell effector responses, acetate-dependent histone acetylation, and chromatin accessibility at effector gene loci. When ACLY is functional, ACSS2 is not required, suggesting acetate is not an obligate metabolic substrate for CD8 T cell function. However, loss of ACLY renders CD8 T cells dependent on acetate (via ACSS2) to maintain acetyl-CoA production and effector function. Together, ACLY and ACSS2 coordinate cytosolic acetyl-CoA production in CD8 T cells to maintain chromatin accessibility and T cell effector function.
2024-07-04 | GSE270851 | GEO
Project description:Coordination of cellular metabolism is essential for optimal T cell responses. Here, we identify cytosolic acetyl-CoA production as an essential metabolic node for CD8 T cell function in vivo. We show that CD8 T cell responses to infection depend on acetyl-CoA derived from citrate via the enzyme Acly (ATP citrate lyase). However, ablation of Acly triggers an alternative, acetate-dependent pathway for acetyl-CoA production mediated by Acss2 (acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 2). Mechanistically, acetate fuels both the TCA cycle and cytosolic acetyl-CoA production, impacting T cell effector responses, acetate-dependent histone acetylation, and chromatin accessibility at effector gene loci. When Acly is functional, Acss2 is not required, suggesting acetate is not an obligate metabolic substrate for CD8 T cell function. However, deletion of Acly renders CD8 T cells dependent on acetate (via Acss2) to maintain acetyl-CoA production and effector function. Thus, together Acly and Acss2 coordinate cytosolic acetyl-CoA production in CD8 T cells to maintain chromatin accessibility and T cell effector function.
2024-07-04 | GSE267377 | GEO
Project description:Coordination of cellular metabolism is essential for optimal T cell responses. Here, we identify cytosolic acetyl-CoA production as an essential metabolic node for CD8 T cell function in vivo. We show that acetyl-CoA derived from mitochondrial citrate via the enzyme ATP citrate lyase (Acly) is required for CD8 T cell responses to infection. However, ablation of Acly triggers an alternative, acetate-dependent pathway for acetyl-CoA production in T cells mediated by acyl-CoA synthetase short chain family member 2 (Acss2). Mechanistically, acetate fuels both the TCA cycle and cytosolic acetyl-CoA production, impacting T cell effector responses, acetate-dependent histone acetylation, and effector gene expression by altering chromatin accessibility. When Acly is functional, Acss2 is not required, suggesting acetate is not an obligate metabolic substrate for CD8 T cell function. However, deletion of Acly renders CD8 T cells dependent on acetate (via Acss2) to maintain acetyl-CoA production and effector function. Thus, together Acly and Acss2 coordinate cytosolic acetyl-CoA production in CD8 T cells to maintain chromatin accessibility and T cell effector function.
2024-08-01 | GSE262865 | GEO
Project description:Acetate metabolism is an important metabolic pathway in many types of cancers and is primarily controlled by acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA. However, the consequences of inhibiting tumor acetate metabolism on the tumor microenvironment and anti-tumor immunity are unknown. Herein we demonstrate that the growth of ACSS2 deficient triple negative breast cancer is severely impaired when host immunity is intact and, in many instances, ACSS2 deficient tumors are fully cleared by the immune system. Pharmacological inhibition of ACSS2 using a potent small molecule inhibitor reproduces these effects and enhances the efficacy of standard of care chemotherapy for TNBC. Single cell RNA sequencing of vehicle versus ACSS2 inhibitor treated tumors indicates differentiation and activation of T cells suggesting a crosstalk between acetate metabolism and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Our data suggest that blocking ACSS2 and acetate metabolism in tumors increases the availability of acetate in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor infiltrating T cells can then use acetate as a fuel source due to the relatively high expression of acetyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSS1), which is impervious to ACSS2 inhibitors. In this manner, ACSS1-driven oxidation of acetate in T cells helps to metabolically bolster anti-tumor immune responses. Based on our findings, we propose a completely novel paradigm for ACSS2 inhibitors as metaboimmunomodulators that dually act as inhibitors of tumor cell metabolism and modulators of tumor immunity.
2023-05-04 | GSE202279 | GEO
Project description:Acetate metabolism is an important metabolic pathway in many types of cancers and is primarily controlled by acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2), an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of acetate to acetyl-CoA. However, the consequences of inhibiting tumor acetate metabolism on the tumor microenvironment and anti-tumor immunity are unknown. Herein we demonstrate that the growth of ACSS2 deficient triple negative breast cancer is severely impaired when host immunity is intact and, in many instances, ACSS2 deficient tumors are fully cleared by the immune system. Pharmacological inhibition of ACSS2 using a potent small molecule inhibitor reproduces these effects and enhances the efficacy of standard of care chemotherapy for TNBC. Single cell RNA sequencing of vehicle versus ACSS2 inhibitor treated tumors indicates differentiation and activation of T cells suggesting a crosstalk between acetate metabolism and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Our data suggest that blocking ACSS2 and acetate metabolism in tumors increases the availability of acetate in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor infiltrating T cells can then use acetate as a fuel source due to the relatively high expression of acetyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSS1), which is impervious to ACSS2 inhibitors. In this manner, ACSS1-driven oxidation of acetate in T cells helps to metabolically bolster anti-tumor immune responses. Based on our findings, we propose a completely novel paradigm for ACSS2 inhibitors as metaboimmunomodulators that dually act as inhibitors of tumor cell metabolism and modulators of tumor immunity.
2023-05-04 | GSE202280 | GEO
Project description:Metabolic production of acetyl-CoA has been linked to histone acetylation and gene regulation, however the mechanisms are largely unknown. We show that the metabolic enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) is a critical and directchum regulator of histone acetylation in neurons and of long-term mammalian memory. We observe increased nuclear ACSS2 in differentiating neurons in vitro. Genome-wide, ACSS2 binding corresponds with increased histone acetylation and gene expression of key neuronal genes. These data indicate that ACSS2 functions as a chromatin-bound co-activator to increase local concentrations of acetyl-CoA and to locally promote histone acetylation for transcription of neuron-specific genes. Remarkably, in vivo attenuation of hippocampal ACSS2 expression in adult mice impairs long-term spatial memory, a cognitive process reliant on histone acetylation. ACSS2 reduction in hippocampus also leads to a defect in upregulation of key neuronal genes involved in memory. These results reveal a unique connection between cellular metabolism and neural plasticity, and establish a link between generation of acetyl-CoA and neuronal chromatin regulation. Genome-wide examination of histone H3 and H4 acetylation, as well as ACSS2 binding, in undifferentiated CAD cells and differentiated CAD neurons; background adjusted by H3 ChIP or Input.
2017-05-01 | E-GEOD-76850 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Metabolic production of acetyl-CoA has been linked to histone acetylation and gene regulation, however the mechanisms are largely unknown. We show that the metabolic enzyme acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACSS2) is a critical and direct regulator of histone acetylation in neurons and of long-term mammalian memory. We observe increased nuclear ACSS2 in differentiating neurons in vitro. Genome-wide, ACSS2 binding corresponds with increased histone acetylation and gene expression of key neuronal genes. These data indicate that ACSS2 functions as a chromatin-bound co-activator to increase local concentrations of acetyl-CoA and to locally promote histone acetylation for transcription of neuron-specific genes. Remarkably, in vivo attenuation of hippocampal ACSS2 expression in adult mice impairs long-term spatial memory, a cognitive process reliant on histone acetylation. ACSS2 reduction in hippocampus also leads to a defect in upregulation of key neuronal genes involved in memory. These results reveal a unique connection between cellular metabolism and neural plasticity, and establish a link between generation of acetyl-CoA and neuronal chromatin regulation. Global survey of gene expression in CAD cells and differentiated CAD neurons following lentiviral knockdown of ACSS2 or ATP citrate lyase (ACL) (and control = scramble hairpin); survey of hippocampal gene expression changes associated with retrieval of fear memory, after ACSS2-AAV knockdown or in EGFP-AAV control (comparison of 0h vs. 1h post-memory retrieval).
2017-05-01 | E-GEOD-76853 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Our studies indicate that glucose and acetate can regulate histone acetylation by altering the acetyl-CoA concentrations in the cell. The purpose of this study was to to determine whether specific gene sets correlated with acetyl-CoA availability. We conclude that 10% of glucose-regulated genes are acetyl-CoA regulated genes (genes suppressed or induced by low glucose and reversed by acetate). Acetate usually regulated gene expression in the same direction as glucose, suggesting that acetyl-CoA is a key mediator of glucose-dependent gene expression.
2014-08-05 | GSE57488 | GEO