The effect of HP1-gamma deficiency on primordial germ cells
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE27294 | GEO | 2011/08/01
SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA137345
REPOSITORIES: GEO
Similar Datasets
Project description:We compared the gene expression profiles of the HP1 gamma -/- vs wild-type PGCs to examine the molecular mechanisms of HP1g in PGC development. Although HP1g is suggested to be involved in PGC proliferation, our microarray data indicated that HP1g does not directly control PGC cell-cycle progression by regulating cell cycle-related genes. However, many genes acting on differentiated tissues were up-regulated in the HP1g-/- PGCs. The mVenus-positive cells from the E11.5 genital ridges were isolated by flow cytometry (JSAN, Bay Bioscience). The total RNA was then prepared from the sorted primordial germ cells (about 500-3,500 cells per embryo) of wild-type or HP1?-/- embryos with an RNeasy micro kit (Qiagen). The RNA samples were pooled from 5 or 6 embryos of each genotype. Two independent pooled RNA samples of each genotypes were used to verify the reproducibility of the microarray analyses.
2011-07-31 | E-GEOD-27294 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are precursors of both male and female gametes as fundamental materials for organism development. The transcriptome, methylome and chromatin accessibility profiles of PGCs in both mice and humans have been recently reported. However, little is known about the characteristics of PGCs at the protein levels, which directly exert cellular functions. Here, we construct landscapes of both proteome of mouse PGCs at E11.5, E13.5 and E16.5 days, the three critical developmental windows for PGCs’ sex differentiation, female meiosis initiation and male mitotic arrest. In each developmental stage of PGCs nearly 2000-3000 proteins are identified, among which specific functional pathways such as oxidative phosphorylation, DNA damage repair, and meiotic cell cycle are involved for different events during PGCs development. Thus, our work offers a valuable resource for the systematic investigations of PGC development at protein level.
2020-05-18 | PXD019222 |
Project description:MCM8 has emerged as a core gene in reproductive aging and is crucial for meiotic homologous recombination repair. It also safeguards genome stability by coordinating the replication stress response during mitosis, but its function in mitotic germ cells remains elusive. Here we found that the number of primordial germ cells (PGCs) decreased dramatically after MCM8 deficiency due to proliferation defects. We further demonstrated that MCM8 interacted with two known helicases DDX5 and DHX9 in PGCs, and loss of MCM8 led to R-loop accumulation by reducing the retention of these helicases at R-loops, thus inducing genome instability. Cells expressing premature ovarian insufficiency-causative mutants of MCM8 with decreased interaction with DDX5 displayed increased R-loop levels. These results suggest that MCM8 interacts with R-loop-resolving factors to prevent DNA damage in PGCs, thus maintaining PGC proliferation and establishing the reproductive reserve. Our findings thus reveal a novel role for MCM8 in PGC development and improve our understanding of reproductive aging caused by genome instability in mitotic germ cells.
2024-05-31 | PXD050727 | Pride
Project description:Primordial germ cells (PGCs), undifferentiated embryonic germ cells, are the only cells that have the ability to become gametes and to reacquire totipotency upon fertilization. It is generally understood that the development of PGCs proceeds through the expression of germ cell-specific transcription factors and characteristic epigenomic changes. However, little is known about the properties of PGCs at the metabolite and protein levels, which are directly responsible for the control of cell function. Here, we report the metabolic profiles of PGCs through the first comprehensive analyses of the metabolome and proteome, including remarkable activation of oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Moreover, conversion of energy metabolism is involved in the control of PGC reprogramming and differentiation of pluripotential stem cells (PSCs) into PGCs in culture. Our findings about the unique metabolic property of PGCs provide novel insights into our understanding of the importance of distinct energy metabolism for switching PGC and PSC status.
2018-12-31 | GSE89738 | GEO
Project description:In mammals, sex differentiation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) is determined by extrinsic cues from the environment1. In female PGCs, expression of Stimulated by retinoic acid 8 (Stra8) and meiosis are induced in response to retinoic acid (RA) provided by the mesonephroi2-4. Given the widespread role of RA signaling during development8,9, the molecular mechanism specifying the competence of PGCs to timely express Stra8 and enter meiosis are unknown2,10. Here we identify gene dosage dependent roles in PGC development for Ring1 and Rnf2, two central components of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1)11,13. Both paralogs are essential for PGC development between day 10.5 and 11.5 of gestation. Rnf2 is subsequently required in female PGCs for maintaining high levels of Oct4 and Nanog expression6, and for preventing premature induction of meiotic gene expression and entry into meiotic prophase. Chemical inhibition of RA signaling partially suppresses precocious Oct4 down-regulation and Stra8 activation in Rnf2-deficient female PGCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses show that Stra8 is a direct target of PRC1 and PRC2 in PGCs. These data demonstrate the importance of PRC1 gene dosage in PGC development and in coordinating the timing of sex differentiation of female PGCs by antagonizing extrinsic RA signaling. Gene expression of mouse primordial germ cells was analysed using Affymetrix microarray. Primodial germ cells were purified from embryos carrying Oct4(deltaPE)-GFP transgene by FACS.
2013-03-14 | E-GEOD-42782 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Xenopus primordial germ cells (PGCs) are determined by the presence of maternally derived germ plasm. Germ plasm components both protect PGCs from somatic differentiation and begin a unique gene expression program. Segregation of the germline from the endodermal lineage occurs during gastrulation and PGCs subsequently initiate zygotic transcription. However, the gene-networks that operate to both preserve the potential for totipotency and promote germline differentiation are poorly understood. Here, we utilized RNA-sequencing analysis to comprehensively interrogate PGC and neighboring endoderm cell RNAs after lineage segregation. We identified 1,865 transcripts enriched in PGCs compared to endoderm cells. Over 50% of maternal, vegetally-enriched transcripts were enriched in the PGC transcriptome, including sox7. PGC-directed sox7 knockdown and over-expression studies revealed an early requirement for sox7 in proper germ plasm localization, zygotic transcription, and PGC number. We identified oct60 as the most highly expressed and enriched OCT3/4 homologue in PGCs. Lastly, we compared the Xenopus PGC transcriptome with human PGC transcripts and showed that 80% of transcripts are conserved, identifying Xenopus as a relevant model system for understanding the gene-networks necessary for human germline development.
2017-08-01 | GSE102047 | GEO
Project description:The requirement for primordial germ cells (PGCs) during sexual differentiation is variable among vertebrates. It has been shown that in zebrafish complete loss of PGCs in the embryos causes exclusive male development. Further, transplantation of a single PGC into a germline deficient zebrafish embryos generates male exclusively, suggesting PGC number might be important for the ovarian fate.To explore how PGC number might regulate sexual development in zebrafish, we experimentally manipulated its number by injecting dnd MO into embryos to generate fish containing a spectrum of PGC number. The experiment was designed to compare transcriptomes between the developing trunk regions of wild type and dnd morphants at different developmental stages.
2015-05-08 | GSE57046 | GEO
Project description:In mammals, sex differentiation of primordial germ cells (PGCs) is determined by extrinsic cues from the environment1. In female PGCs, expression of Stimulated by retinoic acid 8 (Stra8) and meiosis are induced in response to retinoic acid (RA) provided by the mesonephroi2-4. Given the widespread role of RA signaling during development8,9, the molecular mechanism specifying the competence of PGCs to timely express Stra8 and enter meiosis are unknown2,10. Here we identify gene dosage dependent roles in PGC development for Ring1 and Rnf2, two central components of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1)11,13. Both paralogs are essential for PGC development between day 10.5 and 11.5 of gestation. Rnf2 is subsequently required in female PGCs for maintaining high levels of Oct4 and Nanog expression6, and for preventing premature induction of meiotic gene expression and entry into meiotic prophase. Chemical inhibition of RA signaling partially suppresses precocious Oct4 down-regulation and Stra8 activation in Rnf2-deficient female PGCs. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses show that Stra8 is a direct target of PRC1 and PRC2 in PGCs. These data demonstrate the importance of PRC1 gene dosage in PGC development and in coordinating the timing of sex differentiation of female PGCs by antagonizing extrinsic RA signaling.
2013-03-14 | GSE42782 | GEO
Project description:The requirement for primordial germ cells (PGCs) during sexual differentiation is variable among vertebrates. It has been shown that in zebrafish complete loss of PGCs in the embryos causes exclusive male development. Further, transplantation of a single PGC into a germline deficient zebrafish embryos generates male exclusively, suggesting PGC number might be important for the ovarian fate.To explore how PGC number might regulate sexual development in zebrafish, we experimentally manipulated its number by injecting dnd MO into embryos to generate fish containing a spectrum of PGC number. The experiment was designed to compare transcriptomes between the developing trunk regions of wild type and dnd morphants at different developmental stages. The dnd MO was microinjected into one cell stage embryos to generate zebrafish with a range of PGC numbers. Transcriptomes of developing trunk regions of wild type and dnd morphants at 14 dpf and 22 dpf were analyzed.
2015-05-08 | E-GEOD-57046 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are lineage restricted precursor cells of sperm and eggs. While avian PGCs from chicken can be cultured and modified to produce genome-edited chickens, the long-term culture of PGCs from other bird species has not been achieved. Here, we explored the effects of a cell-matrix interaction on the in vitro propagation of chicken PGCs. Blocking integrin signaling severely reduced the self-renewal of the PGC, indicating that a PGC-matrix interaction is an essential process for self-renewal. We investigated the properties of somatic cell differentiated PGCs and expression analyses suggested that the PGCs undergo a partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition caused by excess PGC-matrix interactions. Finally, we conducted a long-term culture of chicken PGCs with matrix components, resulting in significant induction of their somatic conversion. These results suggested that a high level of PGC-matrix interaction can cause somatic conversion, while a moderate level is essential for their proliferation. Overall, we identified a molecular aspect of self-renewal and maintaining undifferentiated states of avian PGCs.
2024-10-29 | GSE280091 | GEO