Co-isolation of human donor eye cells and development of oncogene-mutated melanocytes to study uveal melanoma
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE273527 | GEO | 2024/11/25
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular tumor in adults, and its pathogenesis is only partly understood. UM can develop de novo from normal choroidal melanocytes (NCMs) or from pre-existing nevi that stem from NCMs and are thought to harbour UM-initiating mutations, most commonly in GNAQ or GNA11. However, there is a complete lack of commercially available NCM cell lines and no detailed protocol for developing oncogene-mutated CM line (MutCM) to study UM development. The purpose of this study was to establish and characterize premalignant CM models from human donor eyes to recapitulate the cell populations at the origin of UM.
2024-11-25 | PXD047179 | Pride
Project description:Cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM) both originate from the melanocytic lineage but are primarily driven by distinct oncogenic drivers, BRAF/NRAS or GNAQ/GNA11 respectively. The melanocytic master transcriptional regulator, MITF, is essential for both CM development and maintenance, but its role in UM is largely unexplored. Here, we use zebrafish models to dissect the key UM oncogenic signaling events, and establish the role of MITF in UM tumors. Remarkably, mitfa deficiency was profoundly UM promoting, dramatically accelerating the onset and progression of tumors induced by Tg(mitfa:GNAQQ209L);tp53M214K/M214K. To further explore the role of MITF in GNAQ-driven tumorigenesis, we performed phospho-proteomics and total proteomics on 5 zebrafish GNAQ Tg(mitfa:GNAQQ209L);tp53M214K/M214K tumors and 5 zebrafish GNAQ Tg(mitfa:GNAQQ209L);tp53M214K/M214K;mitfa-/- tumors.
2023-03-11 | PXD030527 | Pride
Project description:We used microarray to compare global gene expression profiles between 5 GNAQ/11 mutant uveal melanoma cell lines (GNAQ mutant: 92-1, omm1.3, mel270; GNA11 mutant: omm-gn11 and upmd-1) and 5 GNAQ/11 wild type melanoma cell lines(sk-mel-2, mm415, mm485, sk-mel-5 and mum2c). Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular tumor that mainly metastasizes to the liver in about 50% patients. Over 80% of UMs harbor GNAQ or GNA11 activating mutation. Currently there is no effective treatment available for UM patients. Results provide insights into downstream signaling of oncogenic GNAQ/11 and identification of therapeutic targets in UM.
2017-07-01 | GSE93666 | GEO
Project description:Cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM) both originate from the melanocytic lineage but are primarily driven by distinct oncogenic drivers, BRAF/NRAS or GNAQ/GNA11 respectively. The melanocytic master transcriptional regulator, MITF, is essential for both CM development and maintenance, but its role in UM is largely unexplored. Here, we use zebrafish models to dissect the key UM oncogenic signaling events, and establish the role of MITF in UM tumors. Using a melanocytic lineage expression system, we showed that patient-derived mutations of GNAQ (GNAQQ209L) or its upstream CYSLTR2 receptor (CYSLTR2L129Q) both drive UM when combined with a cooperating mutation, tp53M214K/M214K. The tumor-initiating potential of the major GNAQ/11 effector pathways, YAP and PLCβ-ERK, was also investigated in this system, and thus showed that while activated YAP (YAPAA) induced UM with high potency, the patient-derived PLC4 mutation (PLCB4D630Y) very rarely yielded UM tumors in the tp53M214K/M214K context. Remarkably, mitfa deficiency was profoundly UM promoting, dramatically accelerating the onset and progression of tumors induced by Tg(GNAQQ209L);tp53M214K/M214K or Tg(CYSLTR2L129Q);tp53M214K/M214K. Moreover, mitfa loss was sufficient to cooperate with GNAQQ209L to drive tp53-wildtype UM development, and allowed Tg(PLCB4D630Y);tp53M214K/M214K melanocyte lineage cells to readily form tumors. Notably, all of the mitfa-/- UM tumors, including those arising in Tg(mitfa:PLCB4D630Y);tp53M214K/M214K;mitfa-/- fish, displayed nuclear YAP while lacking hyperactive ERK indicative of PLCβ signaling. Collectively, these data show that YAP signaling is the major mediator of UM, and that MITF acts as bona fide tumor suppressor in UM, in direct opposition to its essential role in CM.
2022-04-27 | GSE190802 | GEO
Project description:Mutations in the Gα-genes GNAQ and GNA11 are found in 85-90% of uveal melanomas (UMs). We analyzed the association between GNAQ and GNA11 mutations with disease-specific survival, gene expression profiles, and cytogenetic alterations in 219 UMs. Our analysis showed a shorter disease-specific survival of GNA11-mutated cases as compared to those carrying a GNAQ mutation (HR=1.97 [95%CI 1.12-3.46], p=0.02). GNA11 mutated UMs displayed a shorter, but not significant, median months survival of 26.97 [95% CI 25.02-37.08] versus GNAQ patients median months survival of 31.5 [95% CI 30.97-53.51]. The GNA11 mutation was also associated with: i) an increased frequency of loss of BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) expression (p=0.0005), ii) monosomy of chromosome 3 (p<0.001), iii) amplification of chr8q (p=0.038), iv) the combination of the latter two (p=0.0002), and inversely with v) chr6p gain (p=0.003). We used tandem-affinity-purification and mass spectrometry to show that the two derived G-proteins have different protein interaction partners. Specifically, the Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 2(TET2), a protein that is involved in DNA demethylation, physically interacts with the GNAQ protein but not with GNA11, as confirmed by immunoprecipitation analyses. High-risk UM cases show a clearly different DNA-methylation pattern, suggesting that a different regulation of DNA methylation by the two G-proteins might convey a different risk of progression.
2023-02-27 | GSE197656 | GEO
Project description:Mutations of the Gα-proteins GNAQ and GNA11 are found in 85-90% of uveal melanomas (UMs). We analyzed the association of GNAQ and GNA11 mutations with disease-specific survival, gene expression profiles, and cytogenetic alterations in 219 UMs. Our analysis showed a shorter disease-specific survival of GNA11 mutated cases as compared to those carrying a GNAQ mutation (median months: 26.97 [95% CI 25.02-37.08], vs not reached, p=0.058; HR=1.97 [95%CI 1.12-3.46], p=0.02). The GNA11 mutation was associated with expression alterations of the BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1; p=0.0005), chr3 monosomy (p=0.0002), chr8q amplification (p=0.038), the combination of the latter two (p=0.0002), and, inversely, with chr6p amplification (p=0.003). We used tandem-affinity-purification and mass spectrometry to show that the two G-proteins have different protein interaction partners. The Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 2, TET2, a protein that is involved in DNA-demethylation, physically interacts with GNAQ but not with GNA11 as confirmed by immunoprecipitation analyses. High risk UM shows a clearly different DNA-methylation pattern and different control of DNA-methylation by the two G-proteins might, at least in part, explain the different association with UM progression.
2022-06-22 | PXD030217 | Pride
Project description:Activating GNAQ/GNA11 are present in majority of uveal melanomas resulting in downstream activation of the MAPK pathway. To elucidate changes in the transcriptome after MEK or ERK1/2 inhibition, we performed RNA sequencing on two UM cell lines. Differential analysis revealed that MARK3 expression was not altered but STK10 expression was reduced.
2023-12-20 | GSE228090 | GEO
Project description:Background and Aims: Uveal melanoma (UM), the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults, is characterized by marked variability in its ability to metastasize. In fact, up to half the patients with UM develop distant metastases, most commonly to the liver. Mutations in alpha G-protein subunits, GNAQ and GNA11, are found in most primary UM, in a mutually exclusive pattern. Also, mutations in SF3B1, EIF1AX, and BAP1, are associated with markedly distinct prognoses Targeted therapy with MAP kinase inhibitors has been unsuccessful in the treatment of uveal melanoma (UM). The constitutive activation of GNAq and GNA11, typical of MU, determines the activation not only of the MAP kinases but also of the transcription factors YAP / TAZ. It is known that when statins are used to inhibit the HMGCR activity in the mevalonate pathway, the nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of YAP-TAZ are also inhibited mediating a potential anti-cancer activity Methods: We investigated the sensitivity to drugs of a panel of 6 lines of MU, two metastatic and 4 derived from primary tumors, of the latter two were monosomic. We established the IC50s of the individual drugs and the effects of the combinations. The synergistic effects of drugs were studied using MTT proliferation tests, cell cycle and apoptosis. The most synergistic combination was tested in vivo in NSG mice. Results: The synergistic concentrations of trametinib and cerivastatin (T+C) induced a massive arrest of proliferation and cell cycle and an increase of apoptosis 72 hours after the start of treatment particularly in the monosomic, BAP1 mutated UPMM3 cell line. The synergistic effect of T+C was reached after 7 instead of 3 days. In the metastatic OMM2.5 cell line. T+C treatments reduced ERK and AKT phosphorylation and increased the cytoplasmatic, inactive form of YAP. T+C treatment of NSG mice transplanted with the monosomic UM cell line reduced significantly tumor growth. Conclusion: This study suggests that statins potentiate the efficacy of MEK inhibitors in the therapy of UM
2022-08-31 | GSE212219 | GEO
Project description:Purpose: In uveal melanoma (UM) research, several cell lines are used in preclinical studies. Because Mel285 and Mel290 do not harbour typical GNAQ or GNA11 hotspot mutations, we aimed at better classifying them and understanding if we could find genetic causes to explain their protein and mRNA expression profiles. Methods: We studied protein and mRNA expression in 14 UM cell lines and determined the presence of Single Nucleotide Variants and small Insertions and Deletions with next generation sequencing and copy number alterations (CNAs) with a single nucleotide polymorphism array. The lists of differentially expressed proteins and genes were merged, and shared lists were created, keeping only the terms with concordant mRNA and protein expression. Enrichment analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were performed on the shared lists. Results: Mel285 and Mel290 are distinct from the GNA-mutated cell lines and have downregulation of melanosome-related markers. Mel285 and Mel290 lack typical UM mutations but harbour putatively-deleterious variants in four genes each (Mel285: CTNNB1, PPP1R10, LIMCH1, APC; Mel290: ARID1A, PPP1R10, SPG11, RNF43). The upregulated terms in Mel285 and Mel290 did not point to a convincing alternative origin. Mel285 has several CNAs, among which loss of 1p, 3p, partial 3q, 6 and partial 8p, while Mel290 shows 1p loss and chromosome 6 loss. Conclusion: While Mel285 and Mel290 have some CNAs that resemble those in UM, multi-omics analyses show that they belong to a separate group compared to the other analysed UM cell lines. Therefore, they may not be representative models to test potential therapeutic targets for UM.
2024-07-16 | PXD051055 | Pride
Project description:Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most prevalent cancer of the eye in adults, with a highly aggressive form of metastasis that is refractory to current therapies. UM is driven by aberrant activation of the Gαq pathway by hotspot activating mutation of GNAQ/GNA11, with few additional genetic aberrations. Despite this, there are limited effective targeted therapies currently available against the treatment of UM and mUM. Here, we performed a high-throughput chemogenetic drug screen in GNAQ-mutant UM contrasted with that of BRAF-mutant skin cutaneous melanoma, as a network chemical biology-based approach to identify therapeutic agents that target the mechanistic underpinnings driving UM. We observed strong genotype-driven drug sensitivities, and identified several drug classes with preferential activity against UM using a method termed Drug Set Enrichment Analysis (DSEA). Among them, we found an enrichment for PKC inhibitors, and identified one compound LXS-196, with the highest preferential activity against UM. Our investigation into the mechanism of action of LXS-196 revealed that in addition to inhibiting the Gq-ERK pathway, unlike other PKC inhibitors, this drug also reduced FAK activity, a recently identified mediator of non-canonical Gαq-driven oncogenic signaling. Kinome profiling revealed that LXS-196 acts as a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, with high preference for PKC as well as PKN/PRK, the latter a poorly investigated AGC kinase that is activated directly by RhoA. This primes LXS-196 to target cell-essential pathways that drive tumor growth in UM by targeting both PKC, in addition to FAK. Moreover, we find that PKN is activated by GNAQ downstream from RhoA, thereby contributing to FAK stimulation. These findings expose a signaling vulnerability that can be targeted pharmacologically. Ultimately, dual PKC and PKN inhibition by LXS-196 acts synergistically with FAK inhibitors (FAKi) to halt UM growth and promote cytotoxic cell death in vitro and in preclinical metastatic mouse models, thus providing a highly translatable therapeutic multimodal precision strategy against mUM.
2024-01-23 | PXD038023 | Pride