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Developmentally regulated generation of a systemic signal for long-lasting defence priming in tomato [WGBS]

ABSTRACT: Tomato is a major global crop however its production is limited by Botrytis cinerea. Due to the toxicity of post-harvest pesticide application, alternative control methods such as priming are being investigated. Plants were treated with β-aminobutyric (BABA) at two developmental stages and resistance against B. cinerea was tested in fruit tissue and in progenies. DNA methylation and RNA sequencing were conducted to characterise the (epi)genetic changes associated with long-lasting resistance. Grafting experiments were done to assess the systemic nature of this signal, which was further characterised by small RNA (sRNA) sequencing of scions. Only BABA-treated seedlings displayed induced resistance (IR). DNA methylation analysis revealed seedling-specific changes, which occurred in the context of lower basal methylation. BABA-IR was found to be transmissible from primed rootstock to grafted unprimed scions. In these scions, we identified a subset of mobile 24 nt sRNAs associated with primed genes to infection in fruit. Our results demonstrate the functional association of a systemic signal with long lasting IR and priming. Through integrated omics approaches we have identified markers of long-lasting priming in tomato fruit which could also serve as targets for durable resistance in other crops.

ORGANISM(S): Solanum lycopersicum

PROVIDER: GSE273942 | GEO | 2024/11/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Developmentally regulated generation of a systemic signal for long-lasting defence priming in tomato [RNA-seq]

Project description:Tomato is a major global crop however its production is limited by Botrytis cinerea. Due to the toxicity of post-harvest pesticide application, alternative control methods such as priming are being investigated. Plants were treated with β-aminobutyric (BABA) at two developmental stages and resistance against B. cinerea was tested in fruit tissue and in progenies. DNA methylation and RNA sequencing were conducted to characterise the (epi)genetic changes associated with long-lasting resistance. Grafting experiments were done to assess the systemic nature of this signal, which was further characterised by small RNA (sRNA) sequencing of scions. Only BABA-treated seedlings displayed induced resistance (IR). DNA methylation analysis revealed seedling-specific changes, which occurred in the context of lower basal methylation. BABA-IR was found to be transmissible from primed rootstock to grafted unprimed scions. In these scions, we identified a subset of mobile 24 nt sRNAs associated with primed genes to infection in fruit. Our results demonstrate the functional association of a systemic signal with long lasting IR and priming. Through integrated omics approaches we have identified markers of long-lasting priming in tomato fruit which could also serve as targets for durable resistance in other crops.

2024-11-17 | GSE273944 | GEO

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Project description:Exposure of plants to stress conditions or to certain chemical elicitors can establish a primed state, whereby responses to future stress encounters are enhanced. Stress priming can be long-lasting and likely involves epigenetic regulation of stress-responsive gene expression. However, the molecular events underlying priming are not well understood. Here, we characterise epigenetic changes in tomato plants primed for pathogen resistance by treatment with β-aminobutyric acid (BABA). We used whole genome bisulphite sequencing to construct tomato methylomes from control plants and plants treated with BABA at the seedling stage, and a parallel transcriptome analysis to identify genes primed for the response to inoculation by the fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea. Genomes of plants treated with BABA showed a significant reduction in global cytosine methylation, especially in CHH sequence contexts. Analysis of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) revealed that CHH DMRs were almost exclusively hypomethylated and were enriched in gene promoters and in DNA transposons located in the chromosome arms. Although there was some enrichment of stress response-related gene ontology terms in genes overlapping CHH DMRs, there was no significant enrichment of DMRs amongst a set of 747 primed defence genes, and nor was the pattern of methylation in these genes altered by BABA treatment. Hence, we conclude that whilst BABA treatment of tomato seedlings results in characteristic changes in genome-wide DNA methylation, CHH hypomethylation does not appear to directly target genes showing primed responses to pathogen infection. Instead, methylation may confer priming via in-trans regulation, acting at a distance from defence genes, and/or by targeting a smaller group of regulatory genes controlling stress responses.

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