Histologic transformation induced by EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE274293 | GEO | 2024/10/30
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The treatment of lung cancer patients harboring mutant EGFR with orally administered EGFR TKIs has been a paradigm shift. Osimertinib and rociletinib are two 3rd generation irreversible EGFR TKIs targeting the EGFR T790M mutation. Osimertinib is the current standard care for patients with EGFR mutations due to increased efficacy, lower side effects, and enhanced brain penetrance. Unfortunately, all patients develop resistance to it. Genomic approaches have primarily been used to interrogate resistance mechanisms. Here, we have characterized the proteome and phosphoproteome of a series of isogenic EGFR mutant lung adenocarcinoma cell lines that are either sensitive or resistant to these drugs. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive proteomic dataset resource to date to investigate 3rd generation EGFR TKI resistance in lung adenocarcinoma. We have interrogated this unbiased global quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic dataset to uncover alterations in signaling pathways, and to reveal a proteomic signature of EMT and kinases / phosphatases with altered protein expression and phosphorylation in the TKI resistant cells. We validated the significant role of SHP2 in the activation of RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Furthermore, we performed anticorrelation analyses of this phosphoproteomic dataset with the published drug-induced P100 phosphoproteomic datasets from the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS) program to predict drugs with the potential to overcome EGFR TKI resistance. We identified that dactolisib, a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, in combination with osimertinib, may overcome osimertinib resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Introduction Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer mortality in the world (1). Many lung adenocarcinoma patients with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations initially respond dramaticlly to the first- or second-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, they eventually develop resistance. The most common mechanism of acquired resistance is the EGFR T790M gatekeeper site residue mutation (2). Osimertinib, a third generation irreversible EGFR TKI has been approved by the FDA to treat patients harboring the EGFR T790M mutation who have developed resistance to first- and second- generation EGFR TKIs (3). Recently, osimertinib was also approved for the front-line treatment of patients harboring EGFR mutations (4). Rociletinib is another irreversible inhibitor targeting the EGFR T790M mutation, which has minimal activity against wild-type EGFR. Both drugs have therapeutic benefits and have demonstrated activity in tumors with T790M-mediated resistance to other EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (5, 6). Further development of rociletinib was ceased in 2016 due to less than expected efficacy, poor brain penetration leading to tumor progression in brain tissues and off-target effects on IGFR activation leading to hyperglycemia (7, 8). Although 3rd-generation TKIs provide clinical benefit to most patients with EGFR mutations, some patients, demonstrating primary resistance, still do not respond to these inhibitors. Complete responses are rare, and all patients eventually develop resistance, suggesting primary and acquired resistance mechanisms decrease the efficacy of the drugs (9, 10). Genomic approaches have been used primarily to interrogate osimertinib resistance mechanisms (9, 11-15). Several mechanisms of osimertinib resistance have been identified (16), including novel second site EGFR mutations, activated bypass pathways such as MET amplification, HER2 amplification, RAS mutations, BRAF mutations, PIK3CA mutations, and novel fusion events (17). However, the resistance mechanism is complex and still not fully understood. Previously, we have used SILAC-based quantitative phosphoproteomics to identify the global dynamic modification which occur upon treatment of TKI-sensitive and -resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells with the 1st and 2nd generation EGFR TKIs, erlotinib and afatinib. Utilizing this strategy, we identified the targets of mutant EGFR signaling pathways responsible for TKI resistance, and possible off-target effects of the drugs (18, 19). In this study, we employed SILAC-based quantitative mass spectrometry to characterize alterations in the proteome and phosphoproteome which occur upon acquired resistance and sought to identify novel mechanisms of resistance to the third generation EGFR TKIs, osimertinib and rociletinib. To our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive 3rd generation EGFR TKI resistant proteome and phosphoproteome analysis resource available to date.
2021-03-11 | PXD020108 | Pride
Project description:Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are effective in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring EGFR mutations. However, due to the acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs, even third generation Osimertinib, the patients suffer poor prognosis. The resistance mechanisms are still not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that increased expression of MUSASHI-2 (MSI2), an RNA binding protein, is novel mechanisms for resistance to EGFR-TKIs. We found that after long-exposure of gefitinib, the first generation EGFR-TKI, lung cancer cells harboring the EGFR-TKI-sensitive mutations became resistant to not only gefitinib but also Osimertinib. Although other mutations in EGFR were not found, expression levels of Nanog, a stemness core protein, and activities of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were increased, suggesting that cancer stem-like properties were increased. Transcriptome analysis revealed that MSI2 was among the top list of the stemness-related genes upregulated in the EGFR-TKI-resistant cells. Knockdown of MSI2 reduced cancer stem-like properties, including expression levels of Nanog a core stemness factor. We demonstrate that knockdown of MSI2 restored sensitivity to Osimertinib or gefitinib in the EGFR-TKI-resistant cells to the similar levels of the parental cells in vitro. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay revealed that antibodies against MSI2 bound to Nanog mRNA, suggesting that MSI2 increases Nanog expression by binding to Nanog mRNA. Moreover, overexpression of MSI2 or Nanog conferred resistance to Osimertinib or gefitinib in parental cells. Finally, knockdown of MSI2 greatly increased sensitivity to Osimertinib in vivo. Collectively, our findings provide proof-of-principle that targeting MSI2-Nanog axis in combination with EGFR-TKIs would effectively prevent emergence of acquired resistance.
2021-08-27 | GSE168280 | GEO
Project description:Introduction: Overcoming of acquired resistance to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) is an intractable obstacle for many clinical oncologists. The mechanisms of resistance to EGFR-TKIs are very complex. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play an important role in cancer development and metastasis. However, the biological process between lncRNAs and drug resistance to EGFR mutated lung cancer largely unknown. Methods: Osimertinib and afatinib-resistant EGFR-mutated lung cancer cells were established using by a stepwise method. Microarray analysis of non-coding and coding RNAs was performed using parental and resistant EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells. Results: Microarray analysis was evaluated by bioinformatics analysis through medical-industrial collaboration. CRNDE and DGCR5 lncRNAs were highly expressed in EGFR-TKIs-resistant cells. CRNDE binds to eIF4A3 protein, down-regulates eIF4A3 and MUC1 expression, and down-regulates p-EGFR expression. CRNDE inhibition activated the eIF4A3/MUC1/EGFR signaling pathway and apoptotic activity and restored sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs. Conclusions: We identified lncRNA CRNDE associated with resistance to EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells. CRNDE may be a novel therapeutic target for EGFR mutant NSCLC patients.
2021-04-28 | GSE163913 | GEO
Project description:The model is based on publication:
Mathematical analysis of gefitinib resistance of lung adenocarcinoma caused by MET amplification
Abstract:
Gefitinib, one of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is effective for treating lung adenocarcinoma harboring EGFR mutation; but later, most cases acquire a resistance to gefitinib. One of the mechanisms conferring gefitinib resistance to lung adenocarcinoma is the amplification of the MET gene, which is observed in 5–22% of gefitinib-resistant tumors. A previous study suggested that MET amplification could cause gefitinib resistance by driving ErbB3-dependent activation of the PI3K pathway. In this study, we built a mathematical model of gefitinib resistance caused by MET amplification using lung adenocarcinoma HCC827-GR (gefitinib resistant) cells. The molecular reactions involved in gefitinib resistance consisted of dimerization and phosphorylation of three molecules, EGFR, ErbB3, and MET were described by a series of ordinary differential equations. To perform a computer simulation, we quantified each molecule on the cell surface using flow cytometry and estimated unknown parameters by dimensional analysis. Our simulation showed that the number of active ErbB3 molecules is around a hundred-fold smaller than that of active MET molecules. Limited contribution of ErbB3 in gefitinib resistance by MET amplification is also demonstrated using HCC827-GR cells in culture experiments. Our mathematical model provides a quantitative understanding of the molecular reactions underlying drug resistance.
2024-09-02 | BIOMD0000000827 | BioModels
Project description:Purpose: To characterize microRNA signatures for tolerance, persistence and resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in human lung cancer. Methods: microRNA profiles of gefitinib- and osimertinib-tolerant cells in PC9 and HCC827 cells were generated by deep microRNA sequencing using Illumina. In addition, microRNA profiles of PC9 subpopulations cells with characterizations of persistence and resistance to gefitinib were generated by deep microRNA sequencing. The mappable reads were aligned to the human genome and miRbase using Bowtie. Results: We identified a specific microRNA profile distinguishing tolerance, persistence and resistance to gefitinib or osimertinib from parental human lung cancer cells with mutated EGFR. The expressions of those microRNAs in lung cancer cells were validated by qRT-PCR. Functionally, knocking down top-upregulated microRNAs reduced the tolerance, persistence and resistance to gefitinib or osimertinib in those tolerant and resistant cells. Conversely, overexpression of those microRNAs enhanced the tolerance and resistance to EGFR inhibition in cells sensitive to gefitinib and osimertinib. Conclusions: Our work identifies a panel of microRNAs that mediate EGFR-TKI tolerance and resistance in lung cancer. Our study provides potential non-coding targets to improve the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs therapy in cancer pagtients.
2018-01-11 | GSE103352 | GEO
Project description:The study was designed to identify the molecular changes that occur in EGFR mutant NSCLCs that become resistant to TKI by transforming to SCLC. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are effective treatments for non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. However, they do not lead to cures, and, on average, relapse occurs after one year of continuous treatment. In a subset of patients, a fundamental histological transformation from NSCLC to small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is observed in the resistant cancers, but the molecular changes associated with this transformation remain unknown. Analysis of a cohort of tumor samples and cell lines derived from resistant EGFR mutant patients with SCLC transformation revealed that RB is lost in 100% of these cases, but rarely in those that remain NSCLC. Global changes in gene expression, including increased neuroendocrine marker expression and absence of EGFR expression, are observed in cancers that transformed to SCLC. Consistent with their genetic and epigenetic similarities to classical SCLC, cell lines derived from resistant EGFR mutant SCLC biopsies are substantially more sensitive to ABT-263 treatment compared to those derived from resistant EGFR mutant NSCLCs. Together, these findings suggest that despite developing initially as EGFR mutant adenocarcinomas, this subset of resistant cancers ultimately take on many of the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of classical SCLC. Overall, we completed array CGH analysis on 4 tumor specimens from EGFR mutant, TKI-resistant patients. Three of these samples had transformed to SCLC and one remained NSCLC.
2015-01-30 | E-GEOD-64765 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Despite initial and often dramatic responses of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-addicted lung tumors to the EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), gefitinib and erlotinib, nearly all develop resistance and relapse. To explore novel mechanisms mediating acquired resistance, we employed non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines bearing activating mutations in EGFR and rendered them resistant to EGFR-specific TKIs through chronic adaptation in tissue culture. In addition to previously observed resistance mechanisms including EGFR-T790M 'gate-keeper' mutations and MET amplification, a subset of the seven chronically adapted NSCLC cell lines including HCC4006, HCC2279 and H1650 cells exhibited marked induction of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 and FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) mRNA and protein. Also, adaptation to EGFR-specific TKIs was accompanied by an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) as assessed by changes in CDH1, VIM, ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression and altered growth properties in Matrigel. In adapted cell lines exhibiting increased FGF2 and FGFR1 expression, measures of growth and signaling, but not EMT, were blocked by FGFR-specific TKIs, an FGF-ligand trap and FGFR1 silencing with RNAi. In parental HCC4006 cells, cell growth was strongly inhibited by gefitinib, although drug-resistant clones progress within 10 days. Combined treatment with gefitinib and AZD4547, an FGFR-specific TKI, prevented the outgrowth of drug-resistant clones. Thus, induction of FGF2 and FGFR1 following chronic adaptation to EGFR-specific TKIs provides a novel autocrine receptor tyrosine kinase-driven bypass pathway in a subset of lung cancer cell lines that are initially sensitive to EGFR-specific TKIs. The findings support FGFR-specific TKIs as potentially valuable additions to existing targeted therapeutic strategies with EGFR-specific TKIs to prevent or delay acquired resistance in EGFR-driven NSCLC. Examination of mRNA levels in DMSO and gefitinib-resistant cultures of HCC4006 and HCC827. Each group has two replicates.
2016-03-29 | E-GEOD-79688 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), including osimertinib, an irreversible EGFR-TKI, are important treatments for non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR-TKI sensitizing or EGFR T790M resistance mutations. Whilst patients treated with osimertinib show clinical benefit, disease progression and drug resistance are common. Emergence of de novo acquired resistance from a drug tolerant persister (DTP) cell population is one mechanism proposed to explain progression on osimertinib and other targeted cancer therapies. Here we profiled osimertinib DTPs using RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and ATAC-seq to characterize the features of these cells and performed drug screens to identify therapeutic opportunities.
2022-04-06 | GSE193257 | GEO
Project description:Third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), including osimertinib, an irreversible EGFR-TKI, are important treatments for non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR-TKI sensitizing or EGFR T790M resistance mutations. Whilst patients treated with osimertinib show clinical benefit, disease progression and drug resistance are common. Emergence of de novo acquired resistance from a drug tolerant persister (DTP) cell population is one mechanism proposed to explain progression on osimertinib and other targeted cancer therapies. Here we profiled osimertinib DTPs using RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and ATAC-seq to characterize the features of these cells and performed drug screens to identify therapeutic opportunities.
2022-04-06 | GSE193258 | GEO
Project description:Third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), including osimertinib, an irreversible EGFR-TKI, are important treatments for non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR-TKI sensitizing or EGFR T790M resistance mutations. Whilst patients treated with osimertinib show clinical benefit, disease progression and drug resistance are common. Emergence of de novo acquired resistance from a drug tolerant persister (DTP) cell population is one mechanism proposed to explain progression on osimertinib and other targeted cancer therapies. Here we profiled osimertinib DTPs using RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and ATAC-seq to characterize the features of these cells and performed drug screens to identify therapeutic opportunities.
2022-04-06 | GSE193256 | GEO