Brain-wide neuronal circuit connectome of human glioblastoma [bulk RNA-seq]
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE274633 | GEO | 2024/12/20
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:This study explores the circuit integration of human glioblastoma organoids (GBOs) in vivo in the adult mouse brain. We performed single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to understand the cell state diversity of malignant tumor cells in GBOs at baseline and after stimulation by 1 mM acetylcholine (ACh) for 1 hour. Sliced neocortical organoids (SNOs) were also sequenced to study gene expression properties of neural stem cells (NSCs).
2024-12-20 | GSE274460 | GEO
Project description:Brain-wide neuronal circuit connectome of human glioblastoma
| PRJNA1146457 | ENA
Project description:Brain-wide neuronal circuit connectome of human glioblastoma [bulk RNA-seq]
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Project description:The M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM3) is predominantly expressed in the basal epidermal layer where it mediates the effects of the auto/paracrine cytotransmitter acetylcholine. Patients with the autoimmune blistering disease pemphigus develop autoantibodies to CHRM3 and show alterations in keratinocyte adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, suggesting that CHRM3 controls these cellular functions. Chrm3 mice display altered epidermal morphology resembling that seen in patients with pemphigus vulgaris. Here, we characterized the cellular and molecular mechanisms whereby CHRM3 controls epidermal structure and function. We used single cell (sc)RNA-seq to evaluate keratinocyte heterogeneity and identify differentially expressed genes in specific subpopulations of epidermal cells in Chrm3 KO neonatal mice.
2022-05-06 | GSE201885 | GEO
Project description:Acetylcholine (ACh) has been considered a neurotransmitter residing in central, parasympathetic and neuromuscular synapses of mammals. Here, experiments using crypt-villus organoids that lack nerve and immune cells in culture led us to suggest that endogenous ACh is synthesized in the intestinal epithelium to evoke growth and differentiation of the organoids through activation of muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs). The extracts of the cultured organoids exhibit a noticeable capacity for ACh synthesis that is sensitive to a potent inhibitor of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Imaging mass spectrometry reveals distribution of endogenous ACh that is localized in intestinal epithelial layer in the cultured organoids as well as in mouse small intestinal epithelium in vivo, suggesting non-neural resources of ACh. Treatment of organoids with carbachol down-regulates growth of organoids and expression of marker gene for each epithelial cell. On the other hand, antagonists for mAChRs enhances growth and differentiation of organoids, indicating involvement of mAChRs in regulating proliferation and differentiation of Lgr5-positive stem cells. Collectively, our data provide evidence that endogenous ACh released from intestinal epithelium maintains homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cell growth and differentiation via mAChRs in mice. Gene expression patters of gut, crypt, y-organoid and o-organoid, respectively
2013-08-15 | E-GEOD-49864 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Acetylcholine (ACh) has been considered a neurotransmitter residing in central, parasympathetic and neuromuscular synapses of mammals. Here, experiments using crypt-villus organoids that lack nerve and immune cells in culture led us to suggest that endogenous ACh is synthesized in the intestinal epithelium to evoke growth and differentiation of the organoids through activation of muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs). The extracts of the cultured organoids exhibit a noticeable capacity for ACh synthesis that is sensitive to a potent inhibitor of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). Imaging mass spectrometry reveals distribution of endogenous ACh that is localized in intestinal epithelial layer in the cultured organoids as well as in mouse small intestinal epithelium in vivo, suggesting non-neural resources of ACh. Treatment of organoids with carbachol down-regulates growth of organoids and expression of marker gene for each epithelial cell. On the other hand, antagonists for mAChRs enhances growth and differentiation of organoids, indicating involvement of mAChRs in regulating proliferation and differentiation of Lgr5-positive stem cells. Collectively, our data provide evidence that endogenous ACh released from intestinal epithelium maintains homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cell growth and differentiation via mAChRs in mice.
2013-08-15 | GSE49864 | GEO
Project description:Animals use spatial differences in environmental light levels for visual navigation; however, how light inputs are translated into coordinated motor outputs remains poorly understood. Here we reconstruct the neuronal connectome of a four-eye visual circuit in the larva of the annelid Platynereis using serial-section transmission electron microscopy. In this 71-neuron circuit, photoreceptors connect via three layers of interneurons to motorneurons, which innervate trunk muscles. By combining eye ablations with behavioral experiments, we show that the circuit compares light on either side of the body and stimulates body bending upon left-right light imbalance during visual phototaxis. We also identified an interneuron motif that enhances sensitivity to different light intensity contrasts. The Platynereis eye circuit has the hallmarks of a visual system, including spatial light detection and contrast modulation, illustrating how image-forming eyes may have evolved via intermediate stages contrasting only a light and a dark field during a simple visual task.
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Project description:Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive cancer in brain and contains a high mortality ratedue to lack of effective treatment strategy. Molecular mechanisms of GBM characteristic invasive growth are urgently need to improve the poor prognosis. Via single nuclear-sequences of primary and recurrent GBM samples, level of the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM3) was significantly higher in recurrent samples. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining of an array of glioma samples showed that high levels of CHRM3 is correlated to poor prognosis of glioma, consistent with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Knockdown of CHRM3 retarded glioma cell growth and invasion. In vivo assay of orthotopic glioma animal model indicated that inhibition of CHRM3 significantly suppressed glioma progression with prolonged survival time. Transcriptome analysis revealed that CHRM3 knockdown significantly reduced array of classic factors involved in cancer invasive growth including MMP1/MMP3/MMP10/MMP12 and CXCL1/CXCL5/CXCL8. Taken together, our study identified that CHRM3 is a new and important factor of GBM progression via regulation of multiple oncogenic genes and these results provide a new biomarker for prognosis and therapy of GBM patients.
2022-12-10 | GSE220083 | GEO
Project description:Gene expression profiling of distinct members of a neuronal circuit has the potential to identify candidate molecules and mechanisms that underlie the formation, organization and function of the circuit. To this end, we report here the application of a novel method to characterize RNAs from small numbers of specific Drosophila brain neurons, which belong to the circadian circuit. We identified three different sets of mRNAs enriched in different subclasses of clock neurons: one is enriched in all clock neurons, a second is enriched in PDF-positive clock neurons and a third is enriched in PDF-negative clock neurons. Moreover, we characterized 2 novel genes, Fer2 and dnocturnin, one from each subgroup, which highlight subgroup-specific features and play important roles in circadian rhythms. The methodology is a powerful tool not only to dissect the cellular and molecular basis of circadian rhythms but also to molecularly characterize other Drosophila neuronal circuits. Experiment Overall Design: Circadican related neuronal celltypes (Tim, Pdf) or general neurons (Elav) were labeled by GFP or YFP using specific Gal4 drivers. Expression of those celltypes were profiled after manual sorting of those GFP or YFP positive cells. 3 biological replicates were collected (except adult small pdf cells).
2009-11-10 | E-GEOD-17803 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) reside in multiple tissues including lymphoid organs and barrier surfaces, and secrete type 2 cytokines including interleukin (IL)-5, IL-9 and IL-13. These cells participate in multiple physiological processes including allergic inflammation, tissue repair, metabolic homeostasis and host defense against helminth infections. Recent studies indicate that neuropeptides can play an important role in regulating ILC2 responses, however, the mechanisms that underlie these processes in vivo remain incompletely defined. Here, we identify that activated ILC2s upregulate choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)—the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of acetylcholine (ACh)—following infection with the helminth parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis or treatment with alarmins or cytokines including IL-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). ILC2s also express acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), and ACh administration promotes ILC2 cytokine production and elicits expulsion of helminth infection. In accordance with this, ChAT deficiency in ILC2s leads to defective ILC2 responses and impaired immunity against helminth infection. Together, these results reveal a previously unrecognized role of the ChAT-ACh pathway in promoting type 2 innate immunity to helminth infection.
2021-03-05 | GSE164705 | GEO