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Transcriptome during shift of Trichoderma reesei from mycelial growth to asexual sporulation

ABSTRACT: The asexual spore or conidium plays a critical role in the life cycle of many filamentous fungi, being the primary means for dispersion in the environment. To investigate the transcriptional changes taking place during the sporulation phase in T. reesei, which culminates with the production of the conidiospores, microarray experiments were performed. Among the 1,994 distinct genes displaying >90 % confidence , a total of 900 were classified as differentially expressed, relative to time zero of sporulation, at at least one of the time points analyzed. The main functional categories (FunCat) overrepresented among upregulated genes were those involving solute transport, metabolism, transcriptional regulation, secondary metabolite synthesis, lipases, proteases and particularly cellulases and hemicellulases. Categories overrepresented among downregulated genes were especially those associated with ribosomal and mitochondrial functions. The upregulation of cellulase and hemicellulase genes was depending on the function of the positive transcriptional regulator XYR1, but the latter exerted no influence on sporulation itself. At least 20 % of the significantly regulated genes occured non-randomly distributed within the T. reesei genome suggesting an epigenetic component in the regulation of conidiation. The significant upregulation of cellulases and hemicellulases during conidiation, and thus cellulase and hemicelulase content in the spores of T. reesei lend to hypothesize that the ability to hydrolyse plant biomass is a major trait of this fungus to break dormancy and reinitiate vegetative growth after a period of facing unfavorable conditions

ORGANISM(S): Trichoderma reesei

PROVIDER: GSE27471 | GEO | 2011/12/08

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA138443

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Thermothelomyces thermophilus, formerly known as Myceliophthora thermophila, is used in industry to produce lignocellulolytic enzymes and heterologous proteins. However, the transcriptional network driving the expression of these proteins remains elusive. As a first step to systematically uncover this network, we investigated growth, protein secretion, and transcriptomic fingerprints of strains deficient in the cellulolytic transcriptional regulators Clr1, Clr2, and Clr4, respectively. The genes encoding Clr1, Clr2, and Clr4 were individually deleted using split marker or the CRISPR/Cas12a technology and the resulting strains as well as the parental strain were cultivated in bioreactors under chemostat conditions using glucose as carbon source. During steady state conditions, cellulose was added instead of glucose to study the genetic and cellular responses in all four strains to the shift in carbon source availability. Notably, the clr1 and clr2 deletion strains were unable to continue to grow on cellulose, demonstrating a key role of both regulators in cellulose catabolism. Their transcriptomic fingerprints uncovered not only a lack of cellulase gene expression but also reduced expression of genes predicted to encode hemicellulases, pectinases, and esterases. In contrast, the growth of the clr4 deletion strain was very similar compared to the parental strain. However, a much stronger expression of cellulases, hemicellulases, pectinases, and esterases was observed. The data gained in this study suggest that both transcriptional regulators Clr1 and Clr2 activate the expression of genes predicted to encode cellulases as well as hemicellulases, pectinases, and esterases. They further suggest that Clr1 controls the basal expression of cellulases and initiates the main lignocellulolytic response to cellulose via induction of clr2 expression. In contrast, Clr4 seems to act as a repressor of the lignocellulolytic response presumably via controlling clr2 expression. Comparative transcriptomics in all four strains revealed potentially new regulators in carbohydrate catabolism and lignocellulolytic enzyme expression that define a candidate gene list for future analyses.

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Transcriptome during shift of Trichoderma reesei from mycelial growth to asexual sporulation

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