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Towards a CRISPR-Based Mouse Model of Vhl-deficient Clear Cell Kidney Cancer: Initial Experience and Lessons Learned

ABSTRACT: CRISPR is revolutionizing the ability to do somatic gene editing in mice for the purpose of creating new cancer models. Inactivation of the VHL tumor suppressor gene is the signature initiating event in the most common form of kidney cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Such tumors are usually driven by the excessive HIF2 activity that arises when the VHL gene product, pVHL, is defective. Given the pressing need for a robust immunocompetent mouse model of human ccRCC, we directly injected adenovirus-associated viruses (AAVs) encoding sgRNAs against VHL and other known/suspected ccRCC tumor suppressor genes into the kidneys of C57BL/6 mice under conditions where Cas9 was under the control of one of two different kidney-specific promoters (Cdh16 or Pax8) to induce kidney tumors. An AAV targeting Vhl, Pbrm1, Keap1 and Tsc1 reproducibly caused macroscopic ccRCCs that partially resembled human ccRCC tumors with respect to transcriptome and cell of origin and responded to a ccRCC standard of care agent, axitinib. RNAseq analysis was utilized to evaluate the expression profile produced by the targeted loss of Vhl, Pbrm1, Keap1 and Tsc1 in these mouse tumors. Unfortunately, these tumors, like those produced by earlier genetically engineered mouse ccRCCs, are HIF2-independent.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE275231 | GEO | 2024/08/24

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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10X single-cell RNA-seq profiling of ccRCC model tumors and normal kidney tissue

Project description:To achieve a robust immunocompetent mouse model of human ccRCC, we directly injected adenovirus-associated viruses (AAVs) encoding sgRNAs against VHL and other known/suspected ccRCC tumor suppressor genes into the kidneys of C57BL/6 mice under conditions where Cas9 was under the control of the Pax8 promoter to induce kidney tumors. An AAV targeting Vhl, Pbrm1, Keap1 and Tsc1 reproducibly caused macroscopic ccRCCs that partially resembled human ccRCC tumors with respect to transcriptome and cell of origin and responded to a ccRCC standard of care agent, axitinib.

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Project description:Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) exhibits some unusual features and genes commonly mutated in cancer are rarely mutated in clear-cell RCC (ccRCC), the most common type. The most prevalent genetic alteration in ccRCC is the inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene VHL. Using whole-genome and exome sequencing we discovered BAP1 as a novel tumor suppressor in ccRCC that shows little overlap with mutations in PBRM1, another recent tumor suppressor. Whereas VHL was mutated in 81% of the patients (142/176), PBRM1 was lost in 58% and BAP1 in 15% of the patients analyzed. All these tumor suppressor genes are located in chromosome 3p, which is partially or completely lost in most ccRCC patients. However, BAP1 but not PBRM1 loss was associated with higher Fuhrman grade and, therefore, poorer outcome. Xenograft tumors (tumorgrafts) implanted orthotopically in mice exhibited similar gene expression profiling to corresponding primary tumors. Gene expression profiling of tumors and tumorgrafts displayed different signatures for BAP1- and PBRM1-deficient samples. Thus, after inactivation of VHL, the acquisition of a mutation in BAP1 or PBRM1 defines a different program that might alter the fate of the patient. Our results establish the foundation for an integrated pathological and molecular genetic classification of about 70% of ccRCC patients, paving the way for subtype-specific treatments exploiting genetic vulnerabilities. The RNA of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) primary tumors, tumors growing in immunodeficient mice (tumorgrafts), and normal kidney cortices were labeled and hybridized to Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 arrays.

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Project description:Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by a loss of tumor suppressor Von Hippel Lindau (VHL) function, which leads to accumulation of hypoxia inducible factor (including HIF1 and HIF2). HIF2 was previously reported to be one of the major oncogenic drivers in ccRCC, however its therapeutic targeting remains challenging. Here we performed a deubiquitinase (DUB) cDNA library binding screen and discovered that USP37 is a DUB that binds HIF2 and promotes HIF2 deubiquitination. As a result, USP37 promotes HIF2 protein stability in an enzymatically dependent manner and depletion of USP37 leads to HIF2 downregulation in ccRCC. Functionally, USP37 depletion causes decreased cell proliferation measured by MTS, 2-D colony formation as well as 3-D anchorage independent growth. USP37 is also essential for maintaining kidney tumorigenesis in an orthotopic xenograft model and its depletion leads to decreased primary kidney tumorigenesis and spontaneous lung metastasis. Our results suggest that USP37 is a potential new therapeutic target in ccRCC.

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Project description:VHL loss is the most common genetic alteration event in ccRCC, but its effect on epigenetic landscape has not been elucidated previously. By performing histone modifications (H3K27ac, H3K4me1, H3K4me3) from ccRCC cell lines, we describe the genome-wide cis-regulatory landscapes of VHL-deficient ccRCC tumors. We show that ccRCCs exhibit a pervasive gain of enhancers around hypoxic and metabolic transcriptional targets.

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cis-regulatory landscape in ccRCC [cell lines]

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Molecular Genetic Classification of clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) based on the Gene Expression Profiling of Tumors and Tumorgrafts deficient for BAP1 or PBRM1

2012-06-10 | GSE36895 | GEO

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2012-06-10 | GSE25540 | GEO

Genome-wide chromatin profiles of PBRM1 [RNA-Seq]

Project description:PBRM1 is an accessory subunit of the PBAF subclass of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler. The inactivation of PBRM1 is the second most frequent mutational event in kidney tumorigenesis. Here we show that in VHL-deficient ccRCC tumors, PBRM1 loss results in an altered PBAF complex that retains the association between SMARCA4 and ARID2 but disengages BRD7 from SMARCA4. The PBRM1-deficient PBAF complexes redistribute from promoter proxy regions to distal enhancer regions. The ATPase function of SMARCA4 enhances the recruitment of nuclear factor RELA to aberrant sites and promotes NF-κB activity. Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib reverses NF-κB activation by reducing RELA binding at regions bound by PBRM1-deficient PBAF and delays PBRM1-deficient tumor growth. In conclusion, PBRM1 safeguards the chromatin by repressing aberrant liberation of pro-tumorigenic NF-κB target genes by residual PBRM1-deficient PBAF complexes.

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