Excessive Antioxidant Activity Impedes Neonatal Cardiomyocyte Regeneration
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE275297 | GEO | 2025/01/01
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The adult mammalian heart has little regenerative capacity after myocardial infarction (MI) while neonatal mouse heart regenerates without scarring or dysfunction. However, the underlying pathways are poorly defined. We sought to derive insights into the pathways regulating neonatal development of the mouse heart and cardiac regeneration post-MI. Total RNA-seq of mouse heart through the first 10 days of postnatal life (referred to as P3, P5, P10) revealed a previously unobserved transition in microRNA expression between P3 and P5 associated specifically with altered expression of protein-coding genes on the focal adhesion pathway and cessation of cardiomyocyte cell division. We found profound changes in the coding and non-coding transcriptome after neonatal MI, with evidence of essentially complete healing by P10. Over two thirds of each of the mRNAs, lncRNAs and microRNAs that were differentially expressed in the post-MI heart were differentially expressed during normal postnatal development, suggesting a common regulatory pathway for normal cardiac development and post-MI cardiac regeneration. We selected exemplars of miRNAs implicated in our data set as regulators of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Several of these showed evidence of a functional influence on mouse cardiomyocyte cell division. In addition, a subset of these microRNAs, miR-144-3p, miR-195a-5p, miR-451a and miR-6240 showed evidence of functional conservation in human cardiomyocytes. The sets of mRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs that we report here merit further investigation as gatekeepers of cell division in the postnatal heart and as targets for extension of the period of cardiac regeneration beyond the neonatal period.
2018-02-02 | E-MTAB-6272 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Background: In this study, we have extended the myocardial regenerative window to postnatal day 28 (P28) by a double injury pig model (ARP1MIP28) of apical resection at P1 (ARP1) and LAD ligation at P28 (MIP28). However, the molecular mechanism of regenerative window extension is not known. Results: Gene-expression profiles revealed that regenerating ARP1MIP28 hearts contained different subpopulations of cardiomyocytes early after 2nd injury. The six cardiomyocyte clusters were identified (CM1-CM6) by Louvain clustering. The CM6, CM3, and CM2 clusters have mainly consisted of fetal (92.4%), CTL-P1 (95.7%), and CTL-P56 (96.2%) cardiomyocytes. In contrast, the CM1 cluster has consisted of heterogeneous cardiomyocyte groups from all other animal groups, including less than 1% of fetal and CTL-P1 cardiomyocytes. The CM5 and CM4 clusters have mainly consisted of ARP1MIP28-P35 cardiomyocytes, 97.8%, and 68.6%, respectively. Sparse modeling analysis revealed that AR and MI injury, both alone and in combination, appeared to promote the proliferative capacity of cardiomyocytes and perturb cardiomyocyte maturation. Publication: This dataseries is associated to manuscript titled 'Single nucleus transcriptomics: Apical resection in newborn pigs extends the time-window of cardiomyocyte proliferation and myocardial regeneration', published in Circulation, 2021.
2021-10-06 | GSE185289 | GEO
Project description:The regenerative capacity of the mammalian heart is lost quickly after birth when cardiomyocytes stop dividing and undergo cell cycle arrest. Thus, the adult mammalian heart lacks the ability to heal itself to any appreciable amount after ischemic injury such as myocardial infarction. Heart growth begins during fetal life with the first phase of DNA synthesis that is exclusively associated with cardiomyocyte proliferation. This process proceeds until 12 hours after birth and is defined as 0 days in our submitted samples. Cardiomyocytes division is undetectable at neonatal day 1. To analyze the molecular mechanisms responsible for cessation of cardiomyocyte proliferation, we performed genome-wide miRNA microarray profiling by comparing postnatal days 0 vs 1d.This revealed a profile of 8 significantly downregulated miRNAs in the proliferative DKO hearts (versus vehicle-injected control), that were enriched for mRNA targets involved in cell cycle regulation. In vitro studies have demonstrated that knockdown of these 8 miRNAs in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes can increase the occurrence of cytokinetic events. Ultimately, we aim to inject antagomirs targeting these miRNAs into mice post-myocardial infarction to determine the effect of these miRNAs on heart function and cardiomyocyte proliferation in vivo.
2022-01-30 | E-MTAB-9256 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:The neonatal mammalian heart is capable of substantial regeneration following injury through cardiomyocyte proliferation. However, this regenerative capacity is lost by postnatal (P) day 7. How to stimulate the adult cardiomyocyte to re-enter the cell cycle is still unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that cardiomyocyte proliferation depends on its metabolic state. Due to the tight connection between the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and cell proliferation, we analyzed the TCA metabolites between P0.5 and P7 mouse hearts and found that α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) ranked first among the decreased metabolites. The intraperitoneal injection of exogenous α-KG extended the window of cardiomyocyte proliferation during heart development and promoted heart regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI) by inducing adult cardiomyocyte proliferation. This was confirmed in Ogdh-siRNA-treated mice with increased α-KG levels. Mechanistically, α-KG activates Jmjd3, a histone lysine demethylase, that decreases H3K27me3 expression and deposition of H3K4me3 at the promoters of cell cycle and structural maturation genes in cardiomyocytes. Our present study shows that α-KG promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation by Jmjd3-dependent demethylation and inactivation of H3K27me3 andH3K4me3, which is a potential therapeutic approach for treating MI and heart failure.
2024-07-12 | GSE272104 | GEO
Project description:Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to cardiomyocyte death, which triggers an immune response that clears debris and restores tissue integrity. In the adult heart, the immune system facilitates scar formation, which repairs the damaged myocardium but compromises cardiac function. In neonatal mice, the heart can regenerate fully without scarring following MI; however, this regenerative capacity is lost by P7. The signals that govern neonatal heart regeneration are unknown. By comparing the immune response to MI in mice at P1 and P14, we identified differences in the magnitude and kinetics of monocyte and macrophage responses to injury. Using a cell-depletion model, we determined that heart regeneration and neoangiogenesis following MI depends on neonatal macrophages. Neonates depleted of macrophages were unable to regenerate myocardia and formed fibrotic scars, resulting in reduced cardiac function and angiogenesis. Immunophenotyping and gene expression profiling of cardiac macrophages from regenerating and nonregenerating hearts indicated that regenerative macrophages have a unique polarization phenotype and secrete numerous soluble factors that may facilitate the formation of new myocardium. Our findings suggest that macrophages provide necessary signals to drive angiogenesis and regeneration of the neonatal mouse heart. Modulating inflammation may provide a key therapeutic strategy to support heart regeneration. Total RNA was isolated from CD11b+Ly6G- cells sorted from hearts 3 days following ligation of LAD. 6 samples total: Triplicates of cells from P1 mice and from P14 mice
2014-01-31 | E-GEOD-54530 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to cardiomyocyte death, which triggers an immune response that clears debris and restores tissue integrity. In the adult heart, the immune system facilitates scar formation, which repairs the damaged myocardium but compromises cardiac function. In neonatal mice, the heart can regenerate fully without scarring following MI; however, this regenerative capacity is lost by P7. The signals that govern neonatal heart regeneration are unknown. By comparing the immune response to MI in mice at P1 and P14, we identified differences in the magnitude and kinetics of monocyte and macrophage responses to injury. Using a cell-depletion model, we determined that heart regeneration and neoangiogenesis following MI depends on neonatal macrophages. Neonates depleted of macrophages were unable to regenerate myocardia and formed fibrotic scars, resulting in reduced cardiac function and angiogenesis. Immunophenotyping and gene expression profiling of cardiac macrophages from regenerating and nonregenerating hearts indicated that regenerative macrophages have a unique polarization phenotype and secrete numerous soluble factors that may facilitate the formation of new myocardium. Our findings suggest that macrophages provide necessary signals to drive angiogenesis and regeneration of the neonatal mouse heart. Modulating inflammation may provide a key therapeutic strategy to support heart regeneration.
2014-01-31 | GSE54530 | GEO
Project description:Background: The adult mammalian heart has limited ability to repair itself following injury. Zebrafish, newts and neonatal mice can regenerate cardiac tissue, largely by cardiac myocyte (CM) proliferation. It is unknown if hearts of young large mammals can regenerate. Methods: We examined the regenerative capacity of the pig heart in neonatal animals (ages: 2, 3 or 14 days postnatal) after myocardial infarction (MI) or sham procedure. Myocardial scar and left ventricular function were determined by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and echocardiography. Bromodeoxyuridine pulse-chase labeling, histology, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed to study cell proliferation, sarcomere dynamics and cytokinesis and to quantify myocardial fibrosis. RNA-sequencing was also performed. Results: After MI, there was early and sustained recovery of cardiac function and wall thickness in the absence of fibrosis in 2-day old pigs. In contrast, older animals developed full-thickness myocardial scarring, thinned walls and did not recover function. Genome wide analyses of the infarct zone revealed a strong transcriptional signature of fibrosis in 14-day old animals that was absent in 2-day old pigs, which instead had enrichment for cytokinesis genes. In regenerating hearts of the younger animals, up to 10% of CMs in the border zone of the MI showed evidence of DNA replication that was associated with markers of myocyte division and sarcomere disassembly. Conclusions: Hearts of large mammals have regenerative capacity, likely driven by cardiac myocyte division, but this potential is lost immediately after birth.
2018-09-12 | GSE115665 | GEO
Project description:Arrhythmias are a hallmark of myocardial infarction (MI) and increase patient mortality. The cardiac conduction system is implicated in arrhythmias, but how it is altered following MI is poorly understood. We demonstrate complete conduction system restoration during neonatal mouse heart regeneration, versus pathological remodelling at non-regenerative stages. Tissue-cleared whole-organ imaging identified disorganised bundling of conduction fibres after MI, global His/Purkinje disruption and regional loss of connexin-40. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed that Purkinje cells undergo specific molecular changes to regenerate the network, versus sustained aberrant electrical alterations during fibrotic repair. This manifested functionally as transition from normal rhythm to pathological conduction delay beyond the regenerative window. Modelling the non-regenerative phenotype in the infarcted human heart implicated these changes as causative for bundle branch block and ventricular dyssynchrony, as observed in patients. These findings elucidate the mechanisms underpinning conduction system regeneration versus repair and reveal the consequences of MI-induced damage for clinical arrhythmogenesis.
2024-10-31 | GSE245872 | GEO
Project description:Loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) following injury can lead to myocardial dysfunction, heart failure (HF) and ultimately death. The limited regenerative ability of the adult human heart after injury, however, poses a significant obstacle to restore cardiac function effectively. While mammalian hearts, including those of mice and humans, do have the potential to regenerate, this capacity is restricted to a narrow window during early stages of life. The molecular mechanisms governing the regenerative capacity of mammalian hearts remain incompletely understood. Exploring a comparative transcriptome analysis in regenerative neonatal vs. non-regenerative adult mouse CMs, we identified N-Cadherin, a member of Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion protein cadherin superfamily, as a potential novel regulator of CM proliferation/renewal. The primary objectives of this study were to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which N-Cadherin regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation and regeneration, and to determine the therapeutic potential to promote CM renewal and restore cardiac function following injury by targeting N-Cadherin. Cardiac N-Cadherin expression exhibits a strong positive correlation with that of cell cycle- and proliferation-related genes. Its expression levels show an age-dependent reduction, with a 75% decrease of N-Cadherin in adult, compared to P1 neonatal, CMs. N-Cadherin expression is upregulated in the neonatal mouse heart in response to apical resection, especially in the peri-injury region, coinciding with increased CM mitotic activities in the neonatal heart. Knocking down N-Cadherin reduced, whereas overexpression of N-Cadherin increased, the proliferation activity of neonatal mouse CMs and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CMs. Mechanistically, increased N-Cadherin potentiates CM renewal through direct binding with and stabilization of a pro-mitotic transcription regulator β-Catenin, leading to increased CMs proliferative activity. Deletion of β-Catenin-binding domain on N-Cadherin abrogated its pro-regenerative activity. Importantly, targeted depletion of N-Cadherin in CMs resulted in incomplete cardiac repair/regeneration and excessive fibrotic scar formation in neonatal mouse hearts following injury. Cardiac-specific overexpression of N-Cadherin in adult mouse heart using adeno-associated viral vectors, by contrast, resulted in increased CM proliferation and protected against myocardial infarction-induced adverse remodeling and contractile dysfunction. Adherent junction protein N-cadherin is demonstrated to play a crucial role in maintaining CM renewal potential by post-translational stabilization of β-Catenin. Enhancing N-cadherin expression levels and downstream signaling activities in the heart, therefore, could be a powerful new approach to promote cardiac regeneration and restore myocardial function in adult human heart following injury.
2024-12-08 | GSE253966 | GEO
Project description:The heart suffers from a severe loss of cardiomyocyte after myocardial infarction (MI). However, it is not known which type of cell death is the major contributor of the loss of cardiomyocytes. By studying a mouse heart MI model at a regenerative and a non-regenerative stage, we demonstrate that ferroptosis, not apoptosis or necroptosis, is the major contributor to cardiomyocyte death starting at 1 day-post-MI. Intrinsic Pitx2 signaling in cardiomyocyte prevents ferroptosis. Meanwhile, cardiac fibroblasts expressing high level of Fth1 interact with cardiomyocytes to share the iron burden, therefore inhibit cardiomyocyte ferroptosis. Cardiomyocyte Pitx2 also inhibits Tsp1 expression, therefore negatively regulate fibroblast-to-myofibroblast activation to limit fibrosis.
2023-06-02 | GSE211568 | GEO