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Effects of defined voluntary running distances coupled with high-fat diet consumption on the murine skeletal muscle transcriptome

ABSTRACT: Exercise counters many adverse health effects of consuming a high-fat diet (HFD). However, the complex molecular changes that occur in skeletal muscle in response to exercising while consuming a HFD are not yet known. We investigated the interplay between diverse exercise regimes and HFD consumption for 12 weeks on the adaptation of the skeletal muscle transcriptome. C57BL/6 male mice were randomized into six groups – two sedentary control groups and four exercise groups. An unrestricted running group that averaged 8.3 km/day and exercise groups that were restricted to 75%, 50%, or 25% of unrestricted running that averaged 6.3, 4.2, and 2.1 km/day, respectively. Control groups were fed either an AIN93G diet or a HFD (HFD-C) and the exercise groups were fed the HFD. Total RNA was extracted from flash frozen gastrocnemius muscle for sequencing and transcriptome analyses. A total of 12053 transcripts were differentially expressed in the exercise groups compared to the HFD-C. When comparing the HFD-C and the different exercise groups, exercising at 50% of unrestricted access (HFD-50%) resulted in maximum differentially expressed transcripts. Genes down regulated in HFD-50% group were mostly associated with MAPK and cAMP signaling pathways, whereas up-regulated genes were associated with PPAR and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, along with tryptophan and nitrogen metabolism. These results demonstrate that running distance has a significant impact on the adaptation of the skeletal muscle transcriptome to exercise. Furthermore, transcriptome adaptations were more prominent in response to middle-distance running.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE275818 | GEO | 2025/01/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Subjects Eleven male volunteers (mean age 42.3 + 7.4 years; weight 73.9 + 7.7 kg, height 176.9 + 4.0 cm, body mass index (BMI) 23.6 + 2.1 kg/m2 and body fat: 17.7 + 4.3%) participated in this experiment. They were recruited among experienced ultra-endurance runners and all of them had run at least a race longer than 24 h or 4100 km. On average, they had 15.3 + 7.1 years of training history in running and 7.1 + 4.4 years of ultra-endurance experience. They reported to run an average of 80.5 + 11.7 km/week. Written informed consent was obtained from the subjects. The study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. The protocol has been approved by the local ethics committee (Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Est 1, France) and registered in http:// clinicaltrial.gov (# NCT 00428779). Procedures The subjects visited the laboratory twice, with each session separated by 3–4 weeks. All subjects had run at least three times on a motorized treadmill before taking part in the experiment. In the first session, body mass, height and percentage of body fat (measurements of skin-fold thickness) were measured. The subjects performed a maximal test on a motorized treadmill (Gymrol S2500, HEF Tecmachine, Andrezieux-Boutheon, France), to determine the anaerobic threshold VO2max and the velocity associated with VO2max. The initial velocity was set at 10 km/h and the first stage lasted 6 min. Then, the test consisted of a maximal discontinuous incremental test (slope 50%), where the speed was progressively increased by 1.5 km/h every 3 min, followed by 1 min of rest for the collection of blood samples from the finger tips. The second session consisted of the 24-h treadmill ultra-endurance running protocol (24TR). Subjects were asked to refrain from strenuous exercise for a week before the 24TR. The day of the experiment, all subjects ate the same lunch at noon. About 2 h before starting, a muscle biopsy was taken. Pre-exercise muscle biopsy samples (120 mg) were collected under local anesthesia from the superficial portion of the left vastus lateralis muscle using a percutaneous technique [Henriksson (1979) Acta Neurol Scand 59: 317–323]. A large well-organized fascicle of fibers was oriented and included in an embedding medium (Cryomount; Histolab, Göteborg, Sweden), frozen in isopentane, cooled to its freezing point in liquid nitrogen and stored in liquid nitrogen until further cryostat sectioning. The remaining pieces of the sample were rapidly frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen until protein analyses were performed. After the muscle biopsy procedure, the subjects rested for approximately 2 h and then they were asked to start the 24TR. Ten minutes after the start of the 24TR, subjects were asked to run 4 min at 8 km/h for measurements of running economy (RE). A slow speed was chosen for RE because the average speed over the 24TR was 7.9 + 1.0 km/h, and 8 km/h is representative of the pace over such an extreme exercise [Millet et al. (2009) Scand J Med Sci Sports 21: 54-61]. The food and water intakes during the 24TR were managed by the subjects as in a normal race. Post-exercise muscle biopsy samples (120 mg) were then collected as described above.

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Effects of defined voluntary running distances coupled with high-fat diet consumption on the murine skeletal muscle transcriptome

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